LEDPUF: Stability-guaranteed physical unclonable functions through locally enhanced defectivity

Wang, Wei-Che; Yona, Yair; Diggavi, Suhas; Gupta, Puneet

doi:10.1109/hst.2016.7495551

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Since the minimum energy state strongly depends on the level of confinement achieved by the layout of guiding templates, for bigger-sized templates, it becomes energetically less expensive to induce a defect than to achieve a defect-free energy minimization [29][30][31]. Therefore, final assembly results can be random by designing guiding templates that are large enough to cause random assembly errors even if there are no lithographic variations [32]. Figure 2 shows three simulation results of the same large guiding template with an existing DSA simulator [33], where the model of the PS-b-PMMA copolymer has been validated in [34].…”

Section: Dsa Randomness Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, when the number of bits at the output of a strong LEDPUF is m, the average guesswork converges to 2 m after observing any amount of CRPs. Even when the key is biased such that each bit is drawn Bernoulli(0.53) [32], the average guesswork when HMAC is a strongly universal set of hash functions [54], is 2 − log 2 (0.53)·m = 2 0.91·m based on (27).…”

Section: Quantifying the Security Of Specific Strong Pufsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Analysis of Stability-Guaranteed PUFs

Wang

Yona

Diggavi

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur.

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Abstract-The lack of stability is one of the major limitations that constrains Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) from being put in widespread practical use. In this paper, we propose a weak PUF and a strong PUF that are both completely stable with 0% intra-distance. These PUFs are called Locally Enhanced Defectivity Physical Unclonable Function (LEDPUF). The source of randomness of a LEDPUF is extracted from locally enhance defectivity without affecting other parts of the chip. A LEDPUF is a pure functional PUF that does not require helper data, fuzzy comparator, or any kinds of correction schemes as conventional parametric PUFs do. A weak LEDPUF is constructed by forming arrays of Directed Self Assembly (DSA) random connections is presented, and the strong LEDPUF is implemented by using the weak LEDPUF as the key of a keyed-hash message authentication code (HMAC). Our simulation and statistical results show that the entropy of the weak LEDPUF bits is close to ideal, and the inter-distances of both weak and strong LEDPUFs are about 50%, which means that these LEDPUFs are not only stable but also unique.We develop a new unified framework for evaluating the level of security of PUFs, based on password security, by using information theoretic tools of guesswork. The guesswork model allows to quantitatively compare, with a single unified metric, PUFs with varying levels of stability, bias and available side information. In addition, it generalizes other measures to evaluate the security level such as min-entropy and mutual information. We evaluate guesswork-based security of some measured SRAM and Ring Oscillator PUFs as an example and compare them with LEDPUF to show that stability has a more severe impact on the PUF security than biased responses. Furthermore, we find the guesswork of three new problems: Guesswork under probability of attack failure, the guesswork of idealized version of a message authentication code, and the guesswork of strong PUFs that are used for authentication.

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Section: Dsa Randomness Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantifying the Security Of Specific Strong Pufsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of Stability-Guaranteed PUFs

Wang

Yona

Diggavi

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur.

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“…So far, the focus of attention has been on silicon‐based PUFs, such as ring oscillator PUFs [8], arbiter PUFs [12], static random access memory PUFs [13], resistive random access memory [14, 15], XOR‐Arbiters [16], and imaging CMOS PUFs [17, 18]. A series of conventional silicon‐cast PUFs are already commercially available.…”

Section: Puf Description and Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical PUFs as physical root of trust for blockchain‐driven applications

et al. 2019

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In an environment where cyber attacks are increasing, both in frequency and complexity, novel ways to shield data, users, and procedures have to be envisioned. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are the physical equivalent of one-way mathematical transformations with the exception that their inherent physical complexity renders them resilient to cloning. One interesting deployment scenario includes PUFs as random key generators. The deterministic nature of their operation alleviates the necessity to store the keys in non-volatile means. Along the same lines, blockchain is inherently resistant to modification of the data once stored while their overall security depends on the quality and secrecy of users' keys. Here, the authors propose a novel optical PUF implementation that can be combined with private blockchain modalities in order to cyber-harden Internet of things ecosystems. PUF-related experimental results are presented, alongside implementation scenarios.

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“…Therefore, accurate tools for evaluating the security level as a function of the hardware size are needed. Guesswork has been suggested as a measure for the security level of PUFs [33] by connecting PUF security to the framework of password security. In this section we present guesswork along with other measures for the security level of PUFs, and discuss differences between those measures.…”

Section: Guesswork For Evaluating Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a stability-guaranteed Locally Enhanced Defectivity PUF (LEDPUF) proposed in [33] shows completely stable responses by utilizing random hard defect generated from Directed Self Assembly (DSA) process. However, it is difficult to fabricate given that DSA is not well accepted into commercial silicon manufacturing yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of stable PUFs using gate oxide breakdown

Wang

Yona

et al. 2017

2017 Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST)

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We implement and analyze highly stable PUFs using two random gate oxide breakdown mechanisms: plasma induced breakdown and voltage stressed breakdown. These gate oxide breakdown PUFs can be easily implemented in commercial silicon processes, and they are highly stable. We fabricated bit generation units for the stable PUFs on 99 testchips with 65nm CMOS bulk technology. Measurement results show that the plasma induced breakdown can generate complete stable responses. For the voltage stressed breakdown, the responses are with 0.12% error probability at a worst case corner, which can be effectively accommodated by taking the majority vote from multiple measurements. Both PUFs show significant area reduction compared to SRAM PUF. We compare methods for evaluating the security level of PUFs such as min-entropy, mutual information and guesswork as well as interand intra-FHD, and the popular NIST test suite. We show that guesswork can be viewed as a generalization of min-entropy and mutual information. In addition, we analyze our testchip data and show through various statistical distance measures that the bits are independent. Finally, we propose guesswork as a new statistical measure for the level of statistical independence that also has an operational meaning in terms of security.

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LEDPUF: Stability-guaranteed physical unclonable functions through locally enhanced defectivity

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Design and Analysis of Stability-Guaranteed PUFs

Design and Analysis of Stability-Guaranteed PUFs

Optical PUFs as physical root of trust for blockchain‐driven applications

Implementation of stable PUFs using gate oxide breakdown

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