Lectin from Abelmoschus esculentus reduces zymosan-induced temporomandibular joint inflammatory hypernociception in rats via heme oxygenase-1 pathway integrity and tnf-α and il-1β suppression

Abstract

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders show inflammatory components, heavily impacting on quality of life. Abelmoschus esculentus is largely cultivated in Northeastern Brazil for medicinal purposes, having it shown anti-inflammatory activity. We evaluated A. esculentus lectin (AEL) efficacy in reducing zymosan-induced temporomandibular joint inflammatory hypernociception in rats along with the mechanism of action through which it exerts anti-inflammatory activity. Animals were pre-treated with AEL (0.01, 0.1 or 1mg/kg) before zymosan (Zy) injection in the TMJ to determine anti-inflammatory activity. To analyse the possible effect of the hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the nitric oxide (NO) pathways on AEL efficacy, animals were pre-treated with ZnPP-IX (3mg/kg), a specific HO-1 inhibitor, or aminoguanidine (30mg/kg), a selective iNOS inhibitor, before AEL administration. Von Frey test evaluated inflammatory hypernociception, synovial fluid collection was performed to determine leukocyte counting and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity 6h after Zy injection, and Evans Blue extravasation determined vascular permeability. TMJ tissue was collected for histopathological analysis (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (TNF-α, IL-1β, HO-1). In addition, TMJ tissue and trigeminal ganglion collection was performed for TNF-α and IL-1β dosage (ELISA). AEL increased inflammatory nociceptive threshold, reduced leukocyte influx along with MPO activity, leukocyte influx into the synovial membrane, and Evans Blue extravasation. It promoted HO-1 overexpression whilst decreased TNF-α and IL-1β expression in the TMJ tissue. AEL reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels in TMJ tissue and trigeminal ganglion. AEL effects, however, were not observed in the presence of ZnPP-IX. These findings suggest that AEL efficacy depends on TNF-α/IL-1β inhibition and HO-1 pathway integrity.

Stemodia maritima L. Extract Decreases Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Alveolar Bone Loss in an Experimental Periodontitis Rat Model

“…Here, we showed that S. maritima (5 mg/kg) significantly increased IL-10 gingival levels, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, while decreasing the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and CINC-1. Alternative therapeutic approaches based that inhibit TNF-α production have been successfully used for the pre-clinical and clinical treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis and temporomandibular joint disorders (Feldmann, 2002 ; Araújo et al, 2013 ; Freitas et al, 2016 ; Alves et al, 2017 ). Further, when mRNA expression for TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and RANK were evaluated, S. maritima 5 mg/kg significantly reduced mRNA expression for all these genes compared to the vehicle group.…”

High fat-induced inflammation in vascular endothelium can be improved by Abelmoschus esculentus and metformin via increasing the expressions of miR-146a and miR-155

“…The extract of AE could attenuate vascular impairment and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in load-induced fatigued rats [18,49]. Here we suppose that AE and Metformin may improve high fat induced endothelial inflammation by regulating miR-146a and miR-155.…”

“…Furthermore, AE was reported to improve islet structure in diabetes by PPAR-dependent mechanism [54], and active subfractions of AE substantially attenuated free fatty acid-induced β cell apoptosis through inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 [55]. Despite glucose and lipid metabolism, Huangkui and lectin, the extracts of AE, were found to inhibit inflammation response in kidney and temporomandibular joint [49,56]. Additionally, quercetin-3-O-gentiobiose, the extract of AE, had anti-fatigue and vasoprotective effects through enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and improving the levels of inflammatory cytokines, thus attenuating vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by endurance swimming [18].…”

Enzymatic hydrolysates obtained from Trametes versicolor polysaccharopeptides protect human skin keratinocyte against AAPH‑induced oxidative stress and inflammatory

“…These results are consistent with our previous report, indicating that PSPs‐EH80 is more effective than PSPs in reducing the oxidative stress‐induced cell damage in HaCaT cells . Some recent studies pointed out that the Abelmoschus esculentus lectin (AEL) possessed an anti‐inflammatory activity via promoting HO‐1 overexpression and decreasing TNF‐α and IL‐1β expression …”