Leave policies and social inequality in Brazil

Sorj, Bila; Fraga, Alexandre Félix

doi:10.1108/ijssp-07-2019-0141

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the context of the global South, the generous welfare system provisions often benefit only the privileged classes, implying that the generosity level of welfare policies may not be correlated with the actual coverage of welfare policies (Haggard & Kaufman, 2008). The findings of recent publications support this line of reasoning, showing that the access to leave policies in the global South is significantly determined by stratification in the labor market as well (Lee & Baek, 2014;Sorj & Fraga, 2020;Stumbitz, Lewis, Kyei, & Lyon, 2018). While useful and important, these existing empirical studies cover only a small number of advanced economies or focus on regions or countries in the global South.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Scholars in the global South also find that access to leave policies is significantly determined by stratification in the labor market. Workers in Brazil have unequal access to the contributory leave insurance scheme among different strata, defined by an individual's position in the labor market, job category, gender, race, income, and educational level (Sorj & Fraga, 2020). African countries do not provide statutory maternity leave benefits to workers in the informal labor market, leaving a large proportion of female labor forces with no option other than to rely on the employer's discretionary support or kinship-based support (Stumbitz et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Historical Development Of Paid Maternity Leave As a Struggle For Gender And Social Equalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Inclusiveness of Maternity Leave Rights over 120 Years and across Five Continents

Son

Böger

2021

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Even though paid maternity leave was the earliest form of social protection specifically aimed at women workers and is fundamental in securing their economic independence vis-à-vis employers and spouses, it has received scant scholarly attention. Neither the traditional historical accounts of welfare state emergence nor the more recent gendered analyses of developed welfare states have provided comparative accounts of its beginnings and trajectories. Employing the newly created historical database of maternity leave, we provide the first global and historical perspective on paid maternity leave policies covering 157 countries from the 1880s to 2018. Focusing on eligibility rather than generosity, we construct a measure of inclusiveness of paid maternity leaves to highlight how paid maternity leave has shaped not only gender but also social inequality, which has, until recently, largely been ignored by the literature on leave policies. The analyses of coverage expansion by sector and the development of eligibility rules reveal how paid maternity leave has historically stratified women workers by occupation and labor market position but is slowly evolving into a more universal social right across a broad range of countries. Potential drivers for this development are identified using multivariate analysis, suggesting a pivotal role for the political empowerment of women in the struggle for gender and social equality. However, the prevalence of informal labor combined with insufficient or non-existing maternity benefits outside the systems of social insurance still poses significant obstacles to the protection of women workers in some countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: The Historical Development Of Paid Maternity Leave As a Struggle For Gender And Social Equalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inclusiveness of Maternity Leave Rights over 120 Years and across Five Continents

Son

Böger

2021

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“…General issues of formation and development of the social market economy in the modern economic conditions, including Russia, are studied in the research works by Agunovich et al (2018), Andronova andRiazantsev (2006), D'Aleo and, Goyal and Sergi (2015a, b) The institutional foundations and specifics of social management in modern regions' economies are studied in the research works by Amin (2019), Andrew and Doloreux (2012), Bergsten et al (2014), Ciftcioglu (2019), Dreher (2012), Girardi et al (2019), Jackson et al (2012), Kourachanis (2019), Maroto et al (2013), Mertzanis et al (2019), Mylek and Schirmer (2016), Nayak et al (2019), Porro and Porro (2015), Reddy (2019), Smith et al (2019), Solis et al (2019), Sorj andFraga (2020), Vampa (2014), Wilson et al (2018) and Wolfe and Bramwell (2016).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional matrix of social management in region's economy: stability and sustainability vs innovations and digitalization

Yankovskaya

Osipov

Zeldner

et al. 2020

IJSSP

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PurposeThe purpose of the article is to develop a new institutional approach to build the social market economy, which would allow balancing traditions and innovations, stability and technological progress in view of the specifics and priorities of the national economy, based on which regional models of social management will be built. The research study is performed to develop new institutional approach by the example of modern Russia by determining the institutional matrix of social management in economies of the regions that achieved the highest progress in formation of the social market economy.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the proprietary methodology of evaluating the level of sociality of state management in region's economy, which includes the estimate formula and the scale for qualitative treatment of the results. The research subjects are top ten regions of Russia listed in the quality of life index in the year 2019.FindingsThe authors determine the regression dependence of the sociality index of state management in region's economy on the selected factors and compile the equation of multiple linear regression, as well as determine the optimal influence of the factors on state management of region's economy for increasing its sociality to the maximum level possible.Originality/valueThe specifics of building the social market economy in Russia are determined. Based on the established national peculiarities of the social market economy in Russia, the institutional matrix of social management in the Russian regions' economy is developed and it allows for optimal balance of stability and sustainability with innovations and digitalization.

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“…Economic growth, its cyclic character, specifics in developed and developing countries, contradiction of economic growth with social development and necessity for overcoming it are studied in the works of Abdelhalim and Eldin (2019), Ali Asadullah (2019), Au (2019), Bethencourt and Kunze (2019), Burhan et al (2018), Chen et al (2018), Conroy and Weiler (2019), Cumming and Von Cramon-Taubadel (2018), Hamid et al (2019), Khan et al (2019), Kiuru and Inkinen (2019), Klofsten et al (2019), Kontogiannis et al (2019), Long and Ji (2019), Melnikas (2019), Naderi et al (2019), Pereira et al (2020), Pulido and Mora (2019), Rathnakar (2019), Sandberg et al (2019), Shastri et al (2019), Sorj and Fraga (2020), Summers et al (2019), Sun et al (2018), Sunarsih et al (2019), Xiong et al (2020), Zhang et al (2019) and Zhen and Tian (2019).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social development versus economic growth: current contradictions and perspectives of convergence

Bogoviz

Lobova

Alekseev

2020

IJSSP

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PurposeThe purpose of the research is to determine the current contradictions and perspectives of convergence of social development and economic growth for the purpose of formation of the scientific and methodological basis of targeted and efficient state regulation of these processes, which would allow for their harmonization and systemic acceleration.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use correlation analysis for calculating the correlation of the rate of economic growth (according to the forecast of the IMF) and the indicators of qualify of life, calculated by Numbeo, and the index of economy digitization, calculated by the IMD. The research is performed based on the 2020 data. On the basis of the established dependencies, the authors use the method of hierarchy analytics of T.L. Saaty for determining the contribution of social development into economic growth.FindingsThe authors substantiate the existence of close interconnection between social development and economic growth and determine substantial differences in this interconnection in developed countries (correlation – 52%), where only purchasing power of population and society's digitization contribute into acceleration of economic growth, and in developing countries (correlation – 48%), where quality of life, environment protection, living standards and society's development level contribute to acceleration of economic growth.Originality/valueIt is proved that in the course of the increase of the level of social development, it contradicts economic growth – due to which the possibilities of state regulation of the interconnection of these processes are limited. The authors develop a conceptual model of convergence of these processes through the prism of phases of the economic cycle. The compiled model reflects the authors' recommendations at each phase of the economic cycle, due to which state regulation of socioeconomic development will become targeted and efficient.

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Leave policies and social inequality in Brazil

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

The Inclusiveness of Maternity Leave Rights over 120 Years and across Five Continents

The Inclusiveness of Maternity Leave Rights over 120 Years and across Five Continents

Institutional matrix of social management in region's economy: stability and sustainability vs innovations and digitalization

Social development versus economic growth: current contradictions and perspectives of convergence

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