Proceedings of the 2003 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing - 2003
DOI: 10.3115/1119355.1119369
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Learning extraction patterns for subjective expressions

Abstract: This paper presents a bootstrapping process that learns linguistically rich extraction patterns for subjective (opinionated) expressions. High-precision classifiers label unannotated data to automatically create a large training set, which is then given to an extraction pattern learning algorithm. The learned patterns are then used to identify more subjective sentences. The bootstrapping process learns many subjective patterns and increases recall while maintaining high precision.

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Cited by 694 publications
(463 citation statements)
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References 21 publications
(15 reference statements)
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“…For example, sentences (1), (2), (6) and (8) do not express any opinions. The issue of subjectivity has been extensively studied in the literature [34,35,79,80,97,99,100,102,103,104].…”
Section: Objective Of Mining Direct Opinionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…For example, sentences (1), (2), (6) and (8) do not express any opinions. The issue of subjectivity has been extensively studied in the literature [34,35,79,80,97,99,100,102,103,104].…”
Section: Objective Of Mining Direct Opinionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, one of the early works reported by Wiebe et al [98] performed subjectivity classification using the naïve Bayesian classifier. Subsequent research also used other learning algorithms [35,80,103,107].…”
Section: Sentence-level Subjectivity and Sentiment Classificationmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…However, merely relying on the aforementioned features may not lead to satisfactory sentiment detection results since sentiment is often context-dependent. Also, people tend to convey sentiment in more subtle linguistic structures or patterns [16]. Such patterns are usually derived from the syntactic [16] or semantic relations [6] between words in text.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, people tend to convey sentiment in more subtle linguistic structures or patterns [16]. Such patterns are usually derived from the syntactic [16] or semantic relations [6] between words in text. For example, the adjective word "mean" when preceded by a verb, constitutes a pattern of negative sentiment as in: "she said mean things".…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%