Learned Helplessness and Explanatory Style

Peterson, Christopher; Park, Curie

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8580-4_12

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…according to their AS. Fortunately, although AS is considered a cognitive trait, it is not immutable (Peterson & Park, 1998). Thus, it would be particularly relevant to investigate how to modify a dysfunctional AS for negative events.…”

Section: Longer-term and Cross-situational Effects Of Attributional Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability and generalization of attribution-based feedback following failure: Effects on expectations and behavioral persistence

Rascle

Foll

Charrier

et al. 2015

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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Section: Longer-term and Cross-situational Effects Of Attributional Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability and generalization of attribution-based feedback following failure: Effects on expectations and behavioral persistence

Rascle

Foll

Charrier

et al. 2015

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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“…For example, high (LOT) optimism scores correlate positively with health, happiness and active coping (Scheier et al, 1986). High (ASQ) optimism scores correlate positively with athletic and academic success, and good health (Peterson and Park, 1998). Lastly, high hope-optimism scores correlate positively with high selfesteem, achievements, coping and positive emotions (Curry et al, 1997).…”

Section: Measuring Confidence and Directional Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Value of Assessing Uncertainty

McVay

Dossary

2014

SPE Economics &Amp; Management

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Despite the perception of lucrative earnings in the oil industry, various authors have noted that industry performance is routinely below expectations. For example, the average reported return for the industry was around 7% in the 1990s, even though a typical project hurdle rate was at least 15%. The underperformance is generally attributed to poor project evaluation and selection due to chronic bias. While a number of authors have investigated cognitive biases in oil and gas project evaluation, there have been few quantitative studies of the impact of biases on economic performance.Incomplete investigation and possible underestimation of the impact of biases in project evaluation and selection are at least partially responsible for persistence of these biases.The objectives of this work were to determine quantitatively the value of assessing uncertainty or, alternatively, the cost of underestimating uncertainty. This work presents a new framework for assessing the monetary impact of overconfidence bias and directional bias (i.e., optimism or pessimism) on portfolio performance. For moderate amounts of overconfidence and optimism, expected disappointment (having realized NPV less than estimated NPV) was 30-35% of estimated NPV for typical industry portfolios and optimization cases. Greater degrees of overconfidence and optimism resulted in expected disappointments approaching 100% of estimated NPV.Comparison of simulation results with expected industry performance in the 1990s, indicates that these greater degrees of overconfidence and optimism have been experienced in the industry.iii The value of reliably quantifying uncertainty is in reducing or eliminating expected disappointment and expected decision error (selecting the wrong projects), which is achieved by focusing primarily on elimination of overconfidence; other biases are taken care of in the process. Elimination of expected disappointment will improve industry performance overall to the extent that superior projects are available and better quantification of uncertainty allows identification of these superior projects.iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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“…Par exemple, l'absence de contrôle sur le tirage des boules au Loto n'entraîne pas pour autant des déficits motivationnels, cognitifs ou émotionnels chez les joueurs. Ainsi, le modèle de la résignation apprise dans sa formulation originale semble constituer une simplification excessive quand il est appliqué à l'être humain (Peterson & Park, 1998).…”

Section: De La Résignation Apprise Au Style Explicatifunclassified

“…Quand un événement incontrôlable survient, et quand les explications situationnelles ne sont pas évidentes, alors le style explicatif devrait influencer la manière dont l'individu va se comporter. La résignation sera chronique ou transitoire, globale ou spécifique, préjudiciable à l'estime de soi ou non, en fonction précisément du style explicatif de l'individu (Peterson & Park, 1998).…”

Section: Figureunclassified

“…Si la conceptualisation du style comme un trait de personnalité semble largement reconnue, certains théoriciens (e.g., Cutrona, Russell & Jones, 1985 ;Peterson & Park, 1998 ;Peterson, 2000) préconisent néan-moins d'effectuer une évaluation de ce construit qui soit relativement spécifique à un domaine particulier. C'est la raison pour laquelle sont apparus récemment des outils similaires à l'ASQ, mais spécifiquement conçus pour le domaine scolaire (e.g., Academic ASQ ; Peterson & Barrett, 1987) ou celui de la finance (e.g., Financial Service ASQ ; Proudfoot, Corr, Guest & Gray, 2001).…”

Section: Mesurer Le Style Explicatifunclassified

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