“…In a developing country, Malaysian automotive component firms have to strive for manufacturing excellence in order to be on a par with established foreign automotive players (Haniff, Ismail, Deros, Rahman, & Kadirgama, 2011;Rose, Deros, & Rahman, 2013). One of the strategies to be excellent and efficient in a manufacturing firm is by reducing the seven wastes: overproduction, waiting time, defects, non value added processing activities, excess of motion, high inventory and transportation (Melton, 2005).…”