Leakage-Free Bonding of Porous Membranes into Layered Microfluidic Array Systems

Chueh, Bor Han; Huh, Dongeun; Kyrtsos, Christina Rose; Houssin, Timothée; Futai, Nobuyuki; Takayama, Shuichi

doi:10.1021/ac062118p

Cited by 178 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…1͑a͒ and 1͑b͔͒. Others have detailed the process by which porous membranes are incorporated into microdevices 7,12,23 and demonstrated their utility for biological studies. 7,8,12,24,25 For the devices used in this study, the top straight channel and bottom S-shaped channel were 2000 m wide by 300 m high.…”

Section: A Device Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microfluidic membrane device to mimic critical components of the vascular microenvironment

Srigunapalan¹,

Lam²,

Wheeler³

et al. 2011

Biomicrofluidics

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Vascular function, homeostasis, and pathological development are regulated by the endothelial cells that line blood vessels. Endothelial function is influenced by the integrated effects of multiple factors, including hemodynamic conditions, soluble and insoluble biochemical signals, and interactions with other cell types. Here, we present a membrane microfluidic device that recapitulates key components of the vascular microenvironment, including hemodynamic shear stress, circulating cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, and multiple interacting cells. The utility of the device was demonstrated by measuring monocyte adhesion to and transmigration through a porcine aortic endothelial cell monolayer. Endothelial cells grown in the membrane microchannels and subjected to 20 dynes/ cm 2 shear stress remained viable, attached, and confluent for several days. Consistent with the data from macroscale systems, 25 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor ͑TNF͒-␣ significantly increased RAW264.7 monocyte adhesion. Preconditioning endothelial cells for 24 h under static or 20 dynes/ cm 2 shear stress conditions did not influence TNF-␣-induced monocyte attachment. In contrast, simultaneous application of TNF-␣ and 20 dynes/ cm 2 shear stress caused increased monocyte adhesion compared with endothelial cells treated with TNF-␣ under static conditions. THP-1 monocytic cells migrated across an activated endothelium, with increased diapedesis in response to monocyte chemoattractant protein ͑MCP͒-1 in the lower channel of the device. This microfluidic platform can be used to study complex cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions in environments that mimic those in native and tissue engineered blood vessels, and offers the potential for parallelization and increased throughput over conventional macroscale systems.

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Section: A Device Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microfluidic membrane device to mimic critical components of the vascular microenvironment

Srigunapalan¹,

Lam²,

Wheeler³

et al. 2011

Biomicrofluidics

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“…PDMS is a widely used material for fabricating lFDs (Gong and Wen 2009;Zhou et al 2010;Vullev et al 2006; Thomas et al 2010a). Despite its shortcomings, such as porosity (Li et al 2009;Mehta et al 2009;Chueh et al 2007;Shin et al 2003) and susceptibility to a broad range of organic solvents (Lee et al 2003), PDMS is biocompatible (Belanger and Marois 2001;Zhuang et al 2007) and allows for expedient and facile reproduction of features with nanometer precision that are essential for lFDs (Gates 2005;Cong and Pan 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of the quality of adhesion between poly(dimethylsiloxane) and glass surfaces on the composition of the oxidizing plasma

Chau

Millare

Lin

et al. 2010

Microfluid Nanofluid

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Controlled surface oxidation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is essential for permanent adhesion between device components composed of this elastomer. The permanent adhesion between such microdevice components results from covalent crosslinking across the interfaces between PDMS and other silica-based materials, such as glass, quartz, and PDMS. Optimal duration and conditions of oxidation, attained via treatments with oxygen-containing plasma, are crucial for microfabrication procedures with quantitative yields. While insufficient PDMS oxidation does not provide high enough surface density of siloxyl groups for cross-interface linking, overoxidation of PDMS yields rough silica surface layers that prevent the adhesion between flat substrates. Ideally, for a set of plasma conditions, the range of treatment durations producing permanent adhesion should be as broad as possible: i.e., the surface oxidation of PDMS sufficient for irreversible binding has to complete significantly before the effects of overoxidation become apparent. Such a requirement assures that relatively small fluctuations in the treatment conditions will not result in over-or under-oxidation and, hence, will not compromise the yields of the fabrication procedures. We examined the dependence of the quality of adhesion (QA) between plasma-treated PDMS and glass substrates on the composition of the oxygen-containing plasma and on the radio frequency (RF) of the plasma generator. We observed that plasma generated at megahertz RF provided superior conditions than kilohertz RF. Concurrently, an increase in the oxygen content of binary gas mixtures, used for the plasma, broadened the treatment durations that afford superior QA.

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“…For a more extensive discussion of stamp-bonding techniques, see Supplementary Material S5.3. Note that these precision stampbonding techniques may prove useful for bonding disparate materials that would otherwise require harsh plasma treatments [74][75][76] or for the precision placement of cells or other biomaterials 7 .…”

Section: Multisided and Multilayer Molding Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid assembly of multilayer microfluidic structures via 3D-printed transfer molding and bonding

et al. 2016

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A critical feature of state-of-the-art microfluidic technologies is the ability to fabricate multilayer structures without relying on the expensive equipment and facilities required by soft lithography-defined processes. Here, three-dimensional (3D) printed polymer molds are used to construct multilayer poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) devices by employing unique molding, bonding, alignment, and rapid assembly processes. Specifically, a novel single-layer, two-sided molding method is developed to realize two channel levels, non-planar membranes/valves, vertical interconnects (vias) between channel levels, and integrated inlet/outlet ports for fast linkages to external fluidic systems. As a demonstration, a single-layer membrane microvalve is constructed and tested by applying various gate pressures under parametric variation of source pressure, illustrating a high degree of flow rate control. In addition, multilayer structures are fabricated through an intralayer bonding procedure that uses custom 3D-printed stamps to selectively apply uncured liquid PDMS adhesive only to bonding interfaces without clogging fluidic channels. Using integrated alignment marks to accurately position both stamps and individual layers, this technique is demonstrated by rapidly assembling a six-layer microfluidic device. By combining the versatility of 3D printing while retaining the favorable mechanical and biological properties of PDMS, this work can potentially open up a new class of manufacturing techniques for multilayer microfluidic systems.

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Leakage-Free Bonding of Porous Membranes into Layered Microfluidic Array Systems

Cited by 178 publications

References 23 publications

A microfluidic membrane device to mimic critical components of the vascular microenvironment

A microfluidic membrane device to mimic critical components of the vascular microenvironment

Dependence of the quality of adhesion between poly(dimethylsiloxane) and glass surfaces on the composition of the oxidizing plasma

Rapid assembly of multilayer microfluidic structures via 3D-printed transfer molding and bonding

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