Leaf Structure and Taxonomy of Petunia and Calibrachoa (Solanaceae)

Reis, Camila da Silva; Sajo, Maria das Graças; Stehmann, João Renato

doi:10.1590/s1516-89132002000100010

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Glandular trichomes are common among the other clades in asterids as well. For example, Solanaceae short stalked globular trichomes (Type VI) that secrete defensive proteins (Shepherd et al, 2005) and other secondary metabolites are also structurally similar to the asterid salt glands with respect to the cellular organization of a basal cell, 1–2 stalk cells, and a few secretory cells on top (Reis et al, 2002; Glas et al, 2012; Munien et al, 2015). …”

Section: Salt Glands Have Evolved Independently Many Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Dassanayake

Larkin

2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Salt stress is a complex trait that poses a grand challenge in developing new crops better adapted to saline environments. Some plants, called recretohalophytes, that have naturally evolved to secrete excess salts through salt glands, offer an underexplored genetic resource for examining how plant development, anatomy, and physiology integrate to prevent excess salt from building up to toxic levels in plant tissue. In this review we examine the structure and evolution of salt glands, salt gland-specific gene expression, and the possibility that all salt glands have originated via evolutionary modifications of trichomes. Salt secretion via salt glands is found in more than 50 species in 14 angiosperm families distributed in caryophyllales, asterids, rosids, and grasses. The salt glands of these distantly related clades can be grouped into four structural classes. Although salt glands appear to have originated independently at least 12 times, they share convergently evolved features that facilitate salt compartmentalization and excretion. We review the structural diversity and evolution of salt glands, major transporters and proteins associated with salt transport and secretion in halophytes, salt gland relevant gene expression regulation, and the prospect for using new genomic and transcriptomic tools in combination with information from model organisms to better understand how salt glands contribute to salt tolerance. Finally, we consider the prospects for using this knowledge to engineer salt glands to increase salt tolerance in model species, and ultimately in crops.

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Section: Salt Glands Have Evolved Independently Many Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Dassanayake

Larkin

2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The species of Petunia and Calibrachoa were generally considered to be part of the same genus until 1985. Wijsman (1982Wijsman ( , 1983 investigated the origin of the garden petunia by crossing different species and, based on these successful crosses, Wijsman & Jong (1985) concluded that the species should be classified into two different groups according to the chromosome numbers and certain morphological characters, such as leaf margins, aestivation, flower symmetry, calyx, anther colour and seed coats, and their classification is supported by cytotaxonomic, reproductive, anatomical and chemical studies (Ellinger et al, 1992;Stehmann et al, 1996;Watanabe et al, 1996a, b;Reis, Sajo & Stehmann, 2002).…”

Section: Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographical history and diversification ofPetuniaandCalibrachoa(Solanaceae) in the Neotropical Pampas grassland

et al. 2012

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The Pampas in the southern Neotropics is a vast region with vegetation composed mainly of grasses, and it may be the least‐studied ecosystem in southern South America. Contrary to what was thought until recently, this region is heterogeneous and harbours rich biodiversity and many endemic species; however, little is known about the current geographical distribution and evolution of its plants. Here, we present results from phylogeographical studies on two genera typical of open environments (Petunia and Calibrachoa) that occur in both the Pampas and the high‐altitude grasslands of southern Brazil. The rapid radiations of Petunia and Calibrachoa are examples of how strong selective pressures for different pollinators, coupled with adaptation to edaphic and climatic differences, may drive the diversification of plants in the Pampas. We also discuss factors that could have affected and driven the diversification and speciation of plants in this environment. Further studies, including some focusing on other taxa, are required to characterize the diversification of plant species in this region more accurately. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, ••, ••–••.

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“…Trichomes—the term deriving from the Greek word “trichos”, which means hair—are, in most cases, not connected to the vascular system of the plant, but instead are extensions of the epidermis from which they originate [1]. Trichomes range in size from a few microns to several centimeters and they exhibit a tremendous species-specific diversity in shape (for examples, see [2]), and, therefore, they are often used as diagnostic characteristics for the identification of plant species, e.g., [3]. Trichomes are mainly found on leaves and stems, but they can also occur, depending on the species, on petals, petioles, peduncles and seeds [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Glandular Trichomes as Targets for Breeding or Engineering of Resistance to Herbivores

Glas¹,

Schimmel²,

Alba³

et al. 2012

IJMS

450

364

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Glandular trichomes are specialized hairs found on the surface of about 30% of all vascular plants and are responsible for a significant portion of a plant’s secondary chemistry. Glandular trichomes are an important source of essential oils, i.e., natural fragrances or products that can be used by the pharmaceutical industry, although many of these substances have evolved to provide the plant with protection against herbivores and pathogens. The storage compartment of glandular trichomes usually is located on the tip of the hair and is part of the glandular cell, or cells, which are metabolically active. Trichomes and their exudates can be harvested relatively easily, and this has permitted a detailed study of their metabolites, as well as the genes and proteins responsible for them. This knowledge now assists classical breeding programs, as well as targeted genetic engineering, aimed to optimize trichome density and physiology to facilitate customization of essential oil production or to tune biocide activity to enhance crop protection. We will provide an overview of the metabolic diversity found within plant glandular trichomes, with the emphasis on those of the Solanaceae, and of the tools available to manipulate their activities for enhancing the plant’s resistance to pests.

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Leaf Structure and Taxonomy of Petunia and Calibrachoa (Solanaceae)

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Biogeographical history and diversification ofPetuniaandCalibrachoa(Solanaceae) in the Neotropical Pampas grassland

Plant Glandular Trichomes as Targets for Breeding or Engineering of Resistance to Herbivores

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