Leaf structure affects a plant’s appearance: combined multiple-mechanisms intensify remarkable foliar variegation

Chen, Yun Shiuan; Chesson, Peter; Wu, Ho-Wei; Pao, Shang Hung; Liu, Jian Wei; Chien, Lee-Feng; Yong, Jean Wan Hong; Sheue, Chiou‐Rong

doi:10.1007/s10265-016-0890-4

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The analysis of the costs and benefits of leaf variegation has been addressed lately in a series of studies (Wang et al, 2016). In several cases, it has been demonstrated that variegation does not represent a significant cost because of improved light transmission to inner zone of canopies, or even may help plants cope with abiotic stress (Chen et al, 2017). Nevertheless, the presence of important leaf zones almost totally devoid of chlorophyll in variegated plants such as Ficus may lower overall growth, in comparison to totally green genotypes, as shown for oleander (Nerium oleander L.) and willow myrtle (Agonis flexuosa) by Downton and Grant (1994).…”

Section: Light Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low light levels may differentially affect green and variegated genotype development (Scuderi et al, 2013). It has been suggested that leaf variegation is a naturally evolved feature that allows light reflection, thus allowing a better illumination in inner canopy zones, at a rather low energetic cost (Chen et al, 2017). According to Konoplyova et al (2008), variegation may be useful under higher light intensities, while on the contrary, dark green leaves (and completely green genotypes) may be more efficiently adapted to low irradiances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential growth response of green and variegated Ficus benjamina to exogenous cytokinin and shade

2020

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Benjamin fig (Ficus benjamina) is an important foliage and landscape crop species comprising green and variegated genotypes. The latter develop leaves with yellow and white leaf areas which may impose lower photosynthetic activity, thus resulting in slower growth than green genotypes. In many species, the exogenous supply of cytokinin to pot-grown plants promotes growth, mainly due to enhanced carbon fixation. In this work, we analyze the effect of spraying the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on growth and development of green and variegated Ficus benjamina genotypes. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, in which either different number of BAP applications (Experiment 1) or different BAP concentrations (Experiment 2) were tested. In Experiment 2, plants were grown under three different light intensities. BAP sprays promoted rate of leaf appearance, leaf expansion and whole-plant growth, and the effect was stronger in variegated than in green plants. The relative growth rate promotion by BAP was associated with increased net assimilation rate rather than with variation in the leaf area ratio. On the other hand, shading had a more negative impact on growth and development of variegated plants than in green ones. Variegated plants, unlike green ones, developed leaves with high specific leaf area under the lowest light intensity. This led to high leaf area ratio values, which helped to maintain relative growth rates close to those of plants under moderate shading.

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Section: Light Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential growth response of green and variegated Ficus benjamina to exogenous cytokinin and shade

2020

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“…las plantas (Givnish, 1990). Además, serían el resultado de diferentes presiones selectivas que habrían moldeado y orientado estos rasgos, a fin de minimizar los costos de portar hojas y maximizar la ganancia de carbono en la planta (Lev-Yadun, 2016;Chen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Patrones de herbivoría en Vassobia breviflora (Solanaceae): variación en el daño foliar y selección natural mediada por herbívoros

Valoy

Ordano

Bernacki

et al. 2018

RBT

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Herbivore mediated-selection shapes the evolution of defensive plant traits. Knowledge about the role of herbivores as mediators of selection is scarce and even more if herbivore functional groups are considered. The objectives of this work were (1) to describe the variation in foliar traits between populations and both between and intra-plants within a population, (2) to explore the relationship between the variation in the herbivory level and foliar traits, (3) to determine the relationship between leaf traits and damage patterns and (4) estimate the selection regimes by different herbivore functional groups. We conducted this study in four populations of Vassobia breviflora in northwestern Argentina (Yungas). The foliar traits considered were size, leaf area (af), shape (leaf length / width ratio; laf) and proportion of leaf area removed (pafr) (N = 1582 leaves, 57 plants). The herbivores consumed 15.6 % of the leaf area and 76.8 % of the variation in the pafr occurred at the sub-individual level. The damage pattern was dominated by cutter herbivores (70 %), followed by a dotted herbivory pattern (22 %), mixed 5 % and 1 % miner. Nonlinear selection was detected for laf (γii = -0.180; EE = 0.76; P < 0.05), and correlational selection between the cutter damage and af (γij = -1.297; SE = 0.62; P < 0.05) and between the dotted damage and af (γij = -1.130; SE = 0.76; P < 0.05). Natural selection favored plants with small leaves and high foliar removal and large leaves with less damage and selection against larger leaves with greater damage was detected. In addition, deduced from the relationship between the damage type and the relative fitness, the selection would favor the dotted damage over the cutter one. The plants would resolve the conflict with the herbivores according to the damage type and natural selection would regulate the foliar display as a strategy to deal with the herbivore diversity.

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“…For example, the silvery appearance of the Leucadendron argenteum leaves is caused by a dense layer of straight, unbranched, and light reflecting trichomes (Barthlott, Mail, Bhushan, & Koch, ). Sometimes the actual appearance of natural colors can be made by combining different color sources depending on plant species (Chen et al, ; Sun et al, ).…”

Section: Inroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peltate trichomes on biogenic silvery leaves of Elaeagnus umbellata

Kim

2018

Microscopy Res & Technique

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External and internal features of Elaeagnus umbellata leaves were investigated by optical and electron microscopy. The adaxial (upper) and abaxial (lower) leaf surfaces appeared green and silver in color, respectively. There were peltate trichomes on both the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. The peltate trichomes were 200-300 μm in diameter and shield or umbrella-shaped. They had a central dome and 20-30 radiating rays that were fused to form a circular cap in the center and tapered at the end. The density of peltate trichomes was apparently higher on the abaxial leaf surface than on the adaxial leaf surface. At least two layers of peltate trichomes were commonly observed on the abaxial leaf surface. The epidermal cells on the abaxial leaf surface had convex lens-like shape in cross sections. No distinct chloroplasts were found in the cytoplasm of peltate trichomes. These results suggest that the silver coloration on the abaxial leaf surface is mostly due to structural coloration associated with the profuse overlapping peltate trichomes having a circular cap of radially fused rays. The shrub did not show any pigmentary cellular features associated with the silver coloration. With the silvery leaves as a reflective surface for shaded leaves in canopy, E. umbellata is likely to adapt to the harsh non-native light-demanding environments.

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Leaf structure affects a plant’s appearance: combined multiple-mechanisms intensify remarkable foliar variegation

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Differential growth response of green and variegated Ficus benjamina to exogenous cytokinin and shade

Differential growth response of green and variegated Ficus benjamina to exogenous cytokinin and shade

Patrones de herbivoría en Vassobia breviflora (Solanaceae): variación en el daño foliar y selección natural mediada por herbívoros

Peltate trichomes on biogenic silvery leaves of Elaeagnus umbellata

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