Leaf Senescence and Transformation of Chloroplasts to Gerontoplasts

Biswal, Basanti; Mohapatra, Pranab Kishor; Biswal, U. C.; Raval, Mukesh Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1579-0_10

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Gerontoplasts are chloroplast-derived plastids adjusted for recycling of plastid which are mainly found during senescence processes or under stress condition (Biswal et al, 2012). As the chloroplast possess up to 80% of the leaf nitrogen pool, degradation of chloroplasts and the recycling of their nutrients is important for plant survival (Makino and Osmond, 1991).…”

Section: Gerontoplastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the senescence process starts, plastids undergo serial changes in their ultrastructures. It is difficult to define the characteristics of gerontoplasts at the beginning of senescence, but there are a few specific characteristics that have been identified (Biswal et al, 2012). First, gerontoplasts do not contain starch granules, probably because they are unable to continue photosynthesis which replenish the starch daily.…”

Section: Gerontoplastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Plastid Types and Their Interconversions

Choi

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Plastids are pivotal subcellular organelles that have evolved to perform specialized functions in plant cells, including photosynthesis and the production and storage of metabolites. They come in a variety of forms with different characteristics, enabling them to function in a diverse array of organ/tissue/cell-specific developmental processes and with a variety of environmental signals. Here, we have comprehensively reviewed the distinctive roles of plastids and their transition statuses, according to their features. Furthermore, the most recent understanding of their regulatory mechanisms is highlighted at both transcriptional and post-translational levels, with a focus on the greening and non-greening phenotypes.

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Section: Gerontoplastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gerontoplastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Plastid Types and Their Interconversions

Choi

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…In addition, their chloroplasts undergo ultrastructural changes, resulting in reduced photochemical activity in the leaves and limited photosynthesis e ciency (Harding et al 1990). Damages to oxygen evolving complex contained photosystem II (PS II) have been reported to occur in many plant species during leaf senescence (Biswal et al 2012; Deoa and Biswalb 2001;Kusaba et al 2007;Lu et al 2001;Clermont., 2004). For example, lower thermoluminescence values (indicative of damage to PSII) were recorded in Arabidopsis thaliana during senescence (Wang et al2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic analysis of mid-vein and leaf lamina in high-yield hybrid rice in fields during senescence

Gao¹,

Xu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Previous studies on rice (Oryza sativa L.) have shown that different components of the photosynthetic apparatus are not uniformly synthesized or degraded during senescence. However, most of these senescence-related studies focused on leaf lamina, while few have addressed functional aspects on chloroplasts or leaf physiology. Here, we investigated the photosynthetic properties of the mid-vein and leaf lamina in a super high-yield hybrid rice (LYP9) during senescence. We found that assimilation and transpiration decreased more slowly in the mid-vein than in the lamina during senescence, suggesting more sustained photosynthesis in the mid-vein, as well as stronger heat dissipation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that the mid-vein had a higher abundance of proteins involved with energy and lower levels of disease or defense-related proteins, suggesting that photosynthesis and energy metabolism were less affected by senescence in the mid-vein than in leaf lamina. In late senescence stage, the excess energy dissipation in the mid-vein through the xanthophyll cycle had a higher active photosynthetic capacity than in the leaf lamina, and we inferred that the mid-vein and leaf lamina of LYP9 rice aged heterogeneously. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of senescence and associated physiology of the rice mid-vein.

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“…Photosynthetic pigments are responsible for absorbing and transforming light energy (Biswal et al, 2012) and are involved in photoprotective processes and antioxidant activity, all of which contribute to effective biomass and oxygen production (Kuczynska et al, 2015). Chlorophyll a (Chla) is present in the reaction centers of photosystems I and II and in the pigment antenna, whereas chlorophyll b (Chlb) is found exclusively in the pigment antenna system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Scale Habitat-Specific Variation and Adaptive Divergence of Photosynthetic Pigments in Different Alkali Soils in Reed Identified by Common Garden and Genetic Tests

Tian

Jiang

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Flexibility of photosynthetic pigment traits is an important adaptive mechanism through which plants can increase mean fitness in a variable environment. Unlike morphological traits in plants, photosythesis has been shown to exhibit phenotypic plasticity, responding rapidly to environmental conditions. Meanwhile, local adaptation at small scales is considered to be rare. Thus, detecting the small-scale adaptive divergence of photosynthetic pigments presents a challenge. Leaf concentrations of photosynthetic pigments under stressful conditions may be reduced or maintained. Concentrations of some pigments and/or ratio of Chlorophyll a (Chla) to Chlorophyll b (Chlb) do not change markedly in some species, such as the common reed, Phragmites australis, a cosmopolitan grass and common invader. Little is known about photosynthetic responses of this plant to varying levels of alkali salt. Few studies have attempted to account for the relationship between pigment accumulation and leaf position in wild plant populations in grasslands. In this study, photosynthetic pigment concentrations and the total Chl(a+b)/Car ratio decreased as the growing season progressed and were shown to be significantly lower in the habitat with a higher soil pH value and less moisture when compared between habitats. The Chla/Chlb ratio did not differ significantly between habitats, although it increased significantly over time. Leaves in the middle position may be functionally important in the response to soil conditions because only pigment concentrations and the Chl(a+b)/Car ratio of those leaves varied between habitats significantly. The outlier loci, used to evaluate molecular signatures of selection, were detected by Arlequin, Bayescan, and Bayenv analyses. In the simulated habitats of common garden, the local genotypes had higher values of Chla, Chlb, Chl(a+b), Car in their home habitat than did genotypes originating from the other habitat. QST–FST comparisons provided evidence of divergent selection. It appears likely that soil moisture, pH and electric conductivity drove local adaptation. Combined approaches that utilize information on phenotypes from field and common garden experiments, genome-wide markers, and environmental data will be the most informative for understanding the adaptive nature of the intraspecific divergence.

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Leaf Senescence and Transformation of Chloroplasts to Gerontoplasts

Cited by 11 publications

References 93 publications

Diversity of Plastid Types and Their Interconversions

Diversity of Plastid Types and Their Interconversions

Photosynthetic analysis of mid-vein and leaf lamina in high-yield hybrid rice in fields during senescence

Small-Scale Habitat-Specific Variation and Adaptive Divergence of Photosynthetic Pigments in Different Alkali Soils in Reed Identified by Common Garden and Genetic Tests

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