Leaf Morphological and Nutrient Traits of Common Woody Plants Change Along the Urban–Rural Gradient in Beijing, China

Su, Yuebo; Renz, Mark; Cui, Bowen; Sun, Xingming; Ouyang, Zhiyun; Wang, Xiaoke

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.682274

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…An orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model was established with chemical components as variables using SIMCA-P software (version 14, Umetrics). The explanatory power of the models was evaluated by calculating the cumulative modeled variation in the marginal R 2 (cum) and the predictive ability parameter Q 2 (cum) (Su et al, 2021). For correlation analysis, Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated and analyzed with Origin 2019 software (Origin Lab, Northampton, MA, USA).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oil from Sabina chinensis leaves: A promising green control agent against Fusarium sp.

et al. 2022

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Sabina chinensis is a woody plant with important ecological functions in different regions of China, but its essential oils (EO) against plant pathogenic fungi remain largely undetermined. The purpose of our study was to assess the chemical composition and antifungal activity of S. chinensis EO based on optimization of the extraction process. In this study, an actionable and effective model with the experimental results and identified optimum conditions (crushing degree of 20 mesh, liquid–solid ratio of 10.1:1, immersion time of 9.1 h) was established successfully to achieve an extraction yield of 0.54%, which was basically consistent with the theoretical value. A total of 26 compounds were identified using headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and showed that the major constituent was β-phellandrene (26.64-39.26%), followed by terpinen-4-ol (6.53-11.89%), bornyl acetate (6.13-10.53%), etc. For Petri plate assays, our experiments found for the first time that S. chinensis EO revealed high and long-term antifungal activity against the tested strains, including Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium incarnatum, at EC50 values of 1.42 and 1.15 µL/mL, which especially reached approximately 76% and 90% growth inhibition at a dose of 0.2 µL/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of EO from different harvest periods showed remarkable variation. The orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) method revealed 11 metabolites with chemical marker components, and 5 of its potential antifungal activities, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, α-elemol, γ-eudesmol, and bornyl acetate, were strongly correlated with the mycelial inhibition rate. In total, this study explored the antifungal activity of EO against root rot fungus as a potential fungicide and provided valuable information into developing potential products from natural agents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oil from Sabina chinensis leaves: A promising green control agent against Fusarium sp.

et al. 2022

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“…Urbanization alters several aspects of the biotic and abiotic environment. Although some studies have described rapid phenotypic changes in response to urban environmental changes (Beasley et al, 2018 ; Grunst et al, 2020 ; Su et al, 2021 ), studies that distinguish between genetic and plastic changes are limited because of difficulties in controlling genetic and environmental effects and in removing maternal effects. In the present study, we focused on thermal and luminary environments to investigate both genetic and plastic changes in the thermal tolerance and daily activity patterns of D. suzukii .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, urbanization has possibly led to a recent decrease in the number of species in birds and invertebrates in these environments (Sol et al, 2017 ). Rapid environmental changes in urban areas have also been suggested to induce phenotypic changes in urban animals and plants (Beasley et al, 2018 ; Grunst et al, 2020 ; Su et al, 2021 ). Phenotypic changes can affect the survival and reproduction of organisms inhabiting urban environments, revealing that these phenotypic changes are critical for understanding population declines in urban environments and assessing the impact of urbanization on organisms at regional and global scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses in thermal tolerance and daily activity rhythm to urban stress in Drosophila suzukii

Sato

Takahashi

2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Cities experience changes in abiotic factors, such as warming, increases in noise and light. These changes can lead to phenotypic changes. Several studies have revealed that altered environments change phenotypes in plants and animals in cities. However, limited studies have isolated evolutionary from nongenetic changes. Here, we analyzed the evolution of thermal tolerance and diurnal activity patterns in the urban population of the fruit pest, Drosophila suzukii . Urban and rural isofemale lines were reared under constant conditions. We compared the lower and upper thermal limits (CT min and CT max , respectively), and effects of temperature exposure on the thermal limits of urban and rural populations. Common garden experiments showed that urban populations exhibit a lower CT min than rural populations, suggesting genetic difference in CT min among populations. On the other hand, the difference in CT max between urban and rural populations was not significant. Exposure to cold temperature did not affect CT min in both urban and rural populations. In contrast, exposure to hot temperature increased CT max especially in urban population, suggesting that urban populations evolved in response to urban heat. We also investigated the daily activity patterns of urban and rural populations and the effect of lifelong artificial light at night on daily activity. We found that night‐time light (dim light) reduced the total amount of activity compared to dark night condition. In addition, dim light at night altered the daily rhythm of activity and increased the activity rate at night. The effect of night light on total activity was less in urban than that in rural populations, suggesting that populations in cities evolved to mitigate decreased activity under night light. Our results showed that environmental temperature and artificial light at night evolutionarily and plastically influence ecologically important traits, such as temperature tolerance and diurnal activity.

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“…In this study, lower values of leaf length, width and area in individuals growing on lithic leptosol compared to cambisol and vertisol were recorded, suggesting that a smaller leaf size is favored on infertile soils, likely due to the plant's slower growth and a smaller investment in total leaf area. Nutrients in the soil represent important environmental factors that explain the variability of the functional traits of the leaves, which cause nutrient stress and the production of small leaves with a low leaf area and nutrient content [42]. At the study sites of the Šumadija region, skeletal soil (lithic leptosol) contains more than 35% (by volume) of rock fragments, pebbles, gravel and laterite concretions or ironstones with diameters greater than 2 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of leaf morphological variation in Quercus frainetto Ten. growing on different soil types in Serbia

Jovanović

Grbović

Milovanović

et al. 2022

ARCH BIOL SCI BELGRA

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Leaf morphology is at a certain level defined by the ways in which plants adapt to different habitats, especially in large trees. In this study, morphological variations in leaf size and shape of the Hungarian oak (Quercus frainetto Ten.) growing on different soil types (lithic leptosol, vertisol, cambisol) were investigated in the central part of Serbia (Sumadija). The information on soil type was obtained using a digitalized soil map of the Republic of Serbia, while leaf traits were characterized by geometric morphometric methods. Landmark analysis and leaf measurements showed significant differences among the analyzed groups, with individuals growing on nutrient-poor, shallow soils having smaller leaves with greater lobation. The observed differences suggest that the levels of soil productivity influence variations in leaf patterns. More studies on a larger sample size and along a broader spatial scale are needed to fully understand the differences in the patterns of leaf morphological variation in Q. frainetto.

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Leaf Morphological and Nutrient Traits of Common Woody Plants Change Along the Urban–Rural Gradient in Beijing, China

Cited by 10 publications

References 71 publications

Essential oil from Sabina chinensis leaves: A promising green control agent against Fusarium sp.

Essential oil from Sabina chinensis leaves: A promising green control agent against Fusarium sp.

Responses in thermal tolerance and daily activity rhythm to urban stress in Drosophila suzukii

Patterns of leaf morphological variation in Quercus frainetto Ten. growing on different soil types in Serbia

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