Leaf hairs of Olea europeae protect underlying tissues against ultraviolet-B radiation damage

Karabourniotis, George; Kyparissis, Aris; Manetas, Yiannis

doi:10.1016/0098-8472(93)90035-e

Cited by 97 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For example, plant cells can contain enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, which protect the cells against oxidative H 2 O 2 by scavenging these superoxide radicals (Takeuchi et al 1996). In addition, optical structures, for instance epidermal wax and leaf hairs, scatter and reflect UV-B (Karabourniotis et al 1993;Kinnunen et al 2001). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of elevated ultraviolet-B radiation on a plant–herbivore interaction

et al. 2010

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Enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation may have multiple effects on both plants and animals and affect plant-herbivore interactions directly and indirectly by inducing changes in host plant quality. In this study, we examined combined effects of UV-B and herbivory on the defence of the mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) and also the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on a geometrid with an outbreak cycle: the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata). We established an experiment mimicking ozone depletion of 30% (a relevant level when simulating ozone depletion above Northern Lapland). Both arctic species responded only slightly to the enhanced level of UV-B radiation, which may indicate that these species are already adapted to a broader range of UV-B radiation. UV-B exposure slightly induced the accumulation of myricetin glycosides but had no significant effect on the contents of quercetin or kaempferol derivatives. Mountain birch seedlings responded more efficiently to herbivory wounding than to enhanced UV-B exposure. Herbivory induced the activities of foliar oxidases that had earlier been shown to impair both feeding and growth of moth larvae. In contrast, the contents of foliar phenolics did not show the same response in different clones, except for a decrease in the contents of tannin precursors. The induction of foliar phenoloxidase activities is a specific defence response of mountain birches against insect herbivory. To conclude, our results do not support the hypothesis that the outbreak cycle of the autumnal moth can be explained by the cycles of solar activity and UV-B.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of elevated ultraviolet-B radiation on a plant–herbivore interaction

et al. 2010

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“…1a and c), which also reflects species-specific evolution in areas of contrasting light and water availability (Ehleringer et al, 1976;Glover, 2000;Pérez-Estrada et al, 2000), was of particular interest. Glandular trichomes, in fact, have been shown to efficiently protect sensitive targets in the leaf from highly damaging short solar wavelengths (see below; Karabourniotis et al, 1993;Tattini et al, 2000;Agati et al, 2002;Manetas, 2003), in addition to increasing reflectance over the visible waveband ( Johnson, 1975;Pierce et al, 2001). From this standpoint, the much steeper angle at which L. vulgare leaves developed at the sun site (Table 1), together with leaf rolling (data not shown), might be explained simply by the greater need of L. vulgare to prevent light reaching the leaf surface, as compared with P. latifolia (Ehleringer & Comstock, 1987;Werner et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the role of flavonoids in the integrated mechanisms of response of Ligustrum vulgare and Phillyrea latifolia to high solar radiation

et al. 2005

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Summary• The role of flavonoids in mechanisms of acclimation to high solar radiation was analysed in Ligustrum vulgare and Phillyrea latifolia , two Mediterranean shrubs that have the same flavonoid composition but differ strikingly in their leaf morphoanatomical traits.• In plants exposed to 12 or 100% solar radiation, measurements were made for surface morphology and leaf anatomy; optical properties, photosynthetic pigments, and photosystem II efficiency; antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and phenylalanine ammonia lyase; synthesis of hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids; and the tissue-specific distribution of flavonoid aglycones and ortho-dihydroxylated B-ring flavonoid glycosides.• A denser indumentum of glandular trichomes, coupled with both a thicker cuticle and a larger amount of cuticular flavonoids, allowed P. latifolia to prevent highly damaging solar wavelengths from reaching sensitive targets to a greater degree than L. vulgare . Antioxidant enzymes in P. latifolia were also more effective in countering light-induced oxidative load than those in L. vulgare . Consistently, light-induced accumulation of flavonoids in L. vulgare , particularly ortho-dihydroxylated flavonoids in the leaf mesophyll, greatly exceeded that in P. latifolia .• We conclude that the accumulation of flavonoid glycosides associated with high solar radiation-induced oxidative stress and, hence, biosynthesis of flavonoids appear to be unrelated to 'tolerance' to high solar radiation in the species examined.

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“…Together with their lipophilic exudates (flavonoid aglycones, waxes, terpenes, lipids), trichomes may protect leaves against extensive light, UV-B radiation, and desiccation (Ehleringer, 1982;Karabourniotis et al, 1993;Cockell and Knowland, 1999;Tattini et al, 2000;Juma et al, 2001), or they may form the first line of defense against herbivores by entrapping, deterring, or poisoning (Harborne, 1991;Wagner, 1991;Hare, 2002;Zalucki et al, 2002). For Solanaceae, in particular, trichome exudates are responsible for the mortality of neonate larvae; the removal of exudates using an ethanol solution increase larval survival (Gurr and McGrath, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defensive Effect of Surface Flavonoid Aglycones of Betula pubescens Leaves Against First Instar Epirrita autumnata Larvae

et al. 2004

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Abstract-The surface of birch leaves contains glandular trichomes that secrete exudates containing flavonoid aglycones. We investigated the biological activities of white birch (Betula pubescens) leaf surface exudates against larvae of the autumnal moth, Epirrita autumnata, a common insect pest of birch. We found that tree-specific mortality (up to 100%) of first instar larvae correlated strongly with the tree-specific contents of surface flavonoid aglycones (r s = 0.905) in emerging leaves. We also found that first instars clearly preferred birch buds from which surface exudates had been removed. In addition, the duration of the first instar was shortened by 29%, and the weights and relative growth rates of first instars improved by 8% and 52%, respectively, as a result of removal of the exudates from their leaf diet. The correlation of tree-specific foliar contents of flavonoid aglycones, especially 5-hydroxy-4 ,7-dimethoxyflavanone, with changes in larval performance, suggests that flavonoid aglycones are responsible for the changes observed in first instar larval performance. The results show that chemical characteristics of birch leaves are effective against neonate E. autumnata larvae. However, the removal of leaf surface exudates from fully expanded leaves did not affect the leaf acceptance for the voracious fifth instars. This is probably a result of reduction in contents of flavonoid aglycones compared to those of emerging leaves.

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Leaf hairs of Olea europeae protect underlying tissues against ultraviolet-B radiation damage

Cited by 97 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of elevated ultraviolet-B radiation on a plant–herbivore interaction

Effects of elevated ultraviolet-B radiation on a plant–herbivore interaction

On the role of flavonoids in the integrated mechanisms of response of Ligustrum vulgare and Phillyrea latifolia to high solar radiation

Defensive Effect of Surface Flavonoid Aglycones of Betula pubescens Leaves Against First Instar Epirrita autumnata Larvae

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