Leaf anatomical trends in a temperate evergreen dwarf shrub, Rhododendron myrtifolium (Ericaceae) along elevational and exposure gradients in the northeastern Carpathian Mountains

Sosnovsky, Yevhen; Nachychko, Viktor O.; Prokopiv, Andriy; Honcharenko, Vitaliy

doi:10.1007/s12224-021-09387-7

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Interestingly, most of the subalpine and alpine woody species grow on the northern slopes, frequently strongly inclined. Such orographic conditions were also underlined for Empetrum hermaphroditum (Boratyński & Didukh, 2000), Kalmia procumbens (Boratyński & Didukh, 2020), Rhododendron myrtifolium (Boratyński et al, 2006;Sosnovsky et al, 2021) and Pinus mugo (Tsaryk et al, 2006). The prevalence of northern expositions of the localities of subalpine and alpine woody plants could result from generally colder, not so continental thermal and more humid conditions of the northern slopes compared to the southern one (Körner, 2003;Kobiv, 2018;Sosnovsky et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The north or close to north expositions of the localities of the subalpine and alpine plants could also result from the relatively not very high elevations of the East Carpathians in Ukraine, with only fragmentary formed alpine vegetation belt, without the nival belt (Zapałowicz, 1889;Mirek, 1989;Cherepanyn, 2017;Sosnovsky et al 2021). The lowest localities of the high mountain plants are generally in the northern or close to the northern expositions and in the valleys with restricted direct insolation and frequent temperature inversion (Boratyński & Didukh, 2000Nagy et al, 2003;Holtmeier, 2003;Tsaryk et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiversity of high-mountain woody plants in the East Carpathians in Ukraine

Tasenkevich¹,

Boratyński²,

Skrypec³

et al. 2023

Dendrobiology

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The highest parts of the European mountain massifs are covered by subalpine and alpine vegetation, with rich flora containing many relic woody plants adapted to cold temperatures and relatively short vegetation periods. In the Ukrainian Carpathians, only several highest mountain massifs form environmental conditions suitable for high mountain plants. The aim of the study was the detection of the centre of biodiversity of the high mountain plants in the East Carpathians in Ukraine. We expected the largest number of high mountain woody species in the Ukrainian East Carpathians would occur in the Chornohora, the largest and most elevated mountain chain in the country. To solve this problem, the geographic distribution of 16 woody species was analysed cartographically. We gathered georeferenced data of 919 localities of taxa, which occur in the subalpine and alpine vegetation belts, and prepared maps of their distribution using QGIS software. Additionally, we analysed vertical distribution and occurrence on different expositions of every taxon. Most of analysed subalpine and alpine species occur in the highest and the largest mountain massifs. The high mountain woody species occur in the Ukrainian parts of the East Carpathians mainly in the largest mountain massifs, the Chornohora, Svydovets, Chyvchyny, Marmarosh, and to a lesser extent, also in the Gorgany. The vertical distribution and predominant occurrence on the northern or close to northern expositions of most subalpine and alpine species indicate their demands for the relatively high level of humidity of the soil and high level of precipitation. These condition point to the relic character of most of analysed species, which origin from the glacial periods of the Pleistocene. Most of the taxa, which have centres of their distribution in the alpine and sub-alpine vegetation belts of the East Carpathians in the Ukraine territory are valuable but threatened elements of the Ukrainian flora.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of high-mountain woody plants in the East Carpathians in Ukraine

Tasenkevich¹,

Boratyński²,

Skrypec³

et al. 2023

Dendrobiology

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“…This finding in some degree supported the pattern of relation of the leaf characteristics to the climate and orographic conditions described for R. myrtifolium in the East Carpathians in Ukraine. The leaves of that closely related to R. ferrugineum species were smaller and more xeromorphic in higher elevations and in the harsher climatic conditions (Sosnovsky et al, 2021).…”

Section: Environmental Influence To Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In our study, we used 14 leaf characteristics (Table 2, Supplementary Material Fig. S1A), based on leaf variation of Rhododendron species from the subsection Rhododendron (Sosnovsky et al, 2017(Sosnovsky et al, , 2021 and other species as Salix herbacea L., Betula nana L. and S. reticulata L. (Marcysiak, 2012a, b), Alnus incana (L.) Moench (Krauze-Michalska & Boratyńska, 2013) and A. viridis (Chaix) DC. (Wójcicki, 1997).…”

Section: Measurement Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their dimensions and shape characteristics in the same tree/shrub depend on the position on the long-versus short-shoot and the central versus basal and/or apical position on the shoot, as well as exposure to sun radiation (Jentys-Szaferowa, 1970;Wójcicki, 1997;Jasińska et al, 2015Jasińska et al, , 2021. In the case of Rhododendron, the local environment can influence the variation among individuals (Koksheeva et al, 2017;Sosnovsky et al, 2017Sosnovsky et al, , 2021. The influences of different position in the crown and level of radiation can be omitted or at least strongly reduced when leaves are sampled from the central part of shoots exposed to sunlight, from individuals evenly dispersed within the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic differentiation of Rhododendron ferrugineum populations in European mountains

Lewandowska¹,

Boratyńska²,

Marcysiak³

et al. 2022

Dendrobiology

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Rhododendron ferrugineum occurs in the mountains of the Central Europe with large disjunction in geographic range between Pyrenees and Alps and between Alps and Sudetes. We expect that these discontinuities in the species occurrence should involved their phenotypic differentiation, similar as described on the studies of molecular markers. The aim of the study was verification of phenotypic differences between the species populations from the Pyrenees, Alps and Sudetes. We examined characters of leaves and capsules from 13 populations, each represented by 25–30 individuals, using ANOVA, discrimination analysis, principal components analysis and agglomeration on the closest Euclidean distances. Every from examined characters of leaves and capsules except of apex angle of a capsule valve and capsule valve shape differentiated between populations at P≤0.001. Despite, range of character variation differentiating even at the highest level overlapped between populations. The analysis of discrimination, principal component analysis and agglomeration gave similar results indicating differences between populations from Pyrenees, Alps and Sudetes. However, the differences between individuals did not allow distinguish regions. The morphological characteristics of the leaves and capsules allowed to distinguish among populations of R. ferrugineum from the Pyrenees, Alps and Sudetes, and the pattern of their phenotypic differentiation was similar to that described based on genetic markers. The relict population from the Sudetes is phenotypically more similar to the populations from the Pyrenees and the Western Alps than to the spatially closest populations from the Eastern Alps.

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