Leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades: Understanding, prevention and protection

Mishnaevsky, Leon; Hasager, Charlotte Bay; Bak, Christian; Tilg, Anna‐Maria; Bech, Jakob Ilsted; Doagou-Rad, Saeed; Fæster, Søren

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.044

Cited by 98 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The erosion of coatings is caused by multiple random impacts (by rain droplet, hail, or other particles), which cause deformation and stress wave propagation in the coatings, which in turn leads to damage [2,5]. To prevent or delay the erosion of wind turbine blades, the development of highly erosion resistant coatings is desirable.…”

Section: Possibilities Of Structural Modifications Of Anti-erosion Coatings: State Of the Art Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leading Edge Erosion (LEE) in wind turbine blades primarily is caused by rain, hail, and air born particles causing major performance deterioration such as loss of power generation and additional maintenance costs [2]. According to Mishnaevsky and Thomsen [3], the overall cost of repairing minor failures (largely due to LEE) is greater than that for major defects such as structure failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoengineered Graphene-Reinforced Coating for Leading Edge Protection of Wind Turbine Blades

et al. 2021

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Possibilities of the development of new anti-erosion coatings for wind turbine blade surface protection on the basis of nanoengineered polymers are explored. Coatings with graphene and hybrid nanoreinforcements are tested for their anti-erosion performance, using the single point impact fatigue testing (SPIFT) methodology. It is demonstrated that graphene and hybrid (graphene/silica) reinforced polymer coatings can provide better erosion protection with lifetimes up to 13 times longer than non-reinforced polyurethanes. Thermal effects and energy dissipation during the repeated soft impacts on the blade surface are discussed.

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Section: Possibilities Of Structural Modifications Of Anti-erosion Coatings: State Of the Art Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoengineered Graphene-Reinforced Coating for Leading Edge Protection of Wind Turbine Blades

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, the calculations reported above might be optimized further using shorter time scales than 10 minutes. Rain events can be of shorter duration than 10 minutes and with variability within 10 minutes [48]. Therefore, less time in ESM operation might be relevant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain Erosion Load and Its Effect on Leading-Edge Lifetime and Potential of Erosion-Safe Mode at Wind Turbines in the North Sea and Baltic Sea

et al. 2021

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Leading-edge erosion at wind turbine blades cause a loss in profit for wind farm owners, in particular offshore. The characterization of the rain erosion environmental load at wind turbine blades is based on the long-term rain rate and wind speed observations at 10-minute resolutions at coastal stations around the North Sea, Baltic Sea, and inland. It is assumed that an IEA Wind 15 MW turbine is installed at each station. The leading-edge lifetime is found to increase from the South to the North along the German and Danish North Sea coastline from 1.4 to 2.8 years. In the Danish and German Baltic Sea, the lifetime in the West is shorter (~2 years) than further East (~3 to 4 years). It is recommended to use a time series of 10 years or longer because shorter time series most likely will cause an overestimation of the lifetime. The loss in profit due to leading-edge erosion can potentially be reduced by ~70% using the erosion-safe mode, i.e., reduce the tip speed during heavy rain events, to reduce blade erosion, aerodynamic loss, repair costs, and downtime during repair. The aerodynamic loss for the 18 stations is on average 0.46% of the annual energy production.

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“…Blade erosion is also becoming a more well-understood phenomena resulting in several computational models to analyse its effects on the blade performance [45,46]. The use of available data and/or models can assist in integrating the effect of ageing in the C p (λ, θ).…”

Section: Pmsgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Twins for Wind Energy Conversion Systems: A Literature Review of Potential Modelling Techniques Focused on Model Fidelity and Computational Load

et al. 2021

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The Industry 4.0 concept of a Digital Twin will bring many advantages for wind energy conversion systems, e.g., in condition monitoring, predictive maintenance and the optimisation of control or design parameters. A virtual replica is at the heart of a digital twin. To construct a virtual replica, appropriate modelling techniques must be selected for the turbine components. These models must be chosen with the intended use case of the digital twin in mind, finding a proper balance between the model fidelity and computational load. This review article presents an overview of the recent literature on modelling techniques for turbine aerodynamics, structure and drivetrain mechanics, the permanent magnet synchronous generator, the power electronic converter and the pitch and yaw systems. For each component, a balanced overview is given of models with varying model fidelity and computational load, ranging from simplified lumped parameter models to advanced numerical Finite Element Method (FEM)-based models. The results of the literature review are presented graphically to aid the reader in the model selection process. Based on this review, a high-level structure of a digital twin is proposed together with a virtual replica with a minimum computational load. The concept of a multi-level hierarchical virtual replica is presented.

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Leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades: Understanding, prevention and protection

Cited by 98 publications

References 67 publications

Nanoengineered Graphene-Reinforced Coating for Leading Edge Protection of Wind Turbine Blades

Nanoengineered Graphene-Reinforced Coating for Leading Edge Protection of Wind Turbine Blades

Rain Erosion Load and Its Effect on Leading-Edge Lifetime and Potential of Erosion-Safe Mode at Wind Turbines in the North Sea and Baltic Sea

Digital Twins for Wind Energy Conversion Systems: A Literature Review of Potential Modelling Techniques Focused on Model Fidelity and Computational Load

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