“…Research has extensively explored the influences of organizational factors (Odugbesan et al, 2023), leadership factors (Li et al, 2020; Leaders' collectivist orientation Chen et al, 2021;Malibari and Bajaba, 2022;Khan et al, 2022;Dar et al, 2023;Yıkılmaz and S€ ur€ uc€ u, 2023) and individual factors (Ullah et al, 2023) on employees' innovative behavior. In terms of leadership factors, a substantial body of research has confirmed the significant driving roles of leadership style (Khan et al, 2022;Malibari and Bajaba, 2022), leadership behaviors (Chen et al, 2021;Li et al, 2020) and leader-member relationships (Dar et al, 2023;Yıkılmaz and S€ ur€ uc€ u, 2023) in shaping employees' innovative behavior. However, there remains a relatively limited exploration of the impact of leadership cultural orientations, such as leaders' collectivist orientation, on employees' innovative behavior.…”