Leaded shields for thyroid dose reduction in intraoral dental radiography

Whitcher, Bruce L.; Gratt, Barton M.; Sickles, Edward A.

doi:10.1016/0030-4220(79)90306-2

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…27 Smaller leaded glasses may solve the problem. A multitude of studies [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] have shown that thyroid shielding can reduce the patient dose to the radiosensitive organs outside of the primary beam without impacting on image quality. Additionally, unshielded radiation doses to the thyroid (scatter radiation) can vary depending on the scanning technique used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of leaded glasses and thyroid shielding on cone beam CT radiation dose in an adult female phantom

Goren

Prins²,

Dauer³

et al. 2013

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objectives:This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of leaded glasses in reducing the lens of eye dose and of lead thyroid collars in reducing the dose to the thyroid gland of an adult female from dental cone beam CT (CBCT). The effect of collimation on the radiation dose in head organs is also examined. Methods: Dose measurements were conducted by placing optically stimulated luminescent dosemeters in an anthropomorphic female phantom. Eye lens dose was measured by placing a dosemeter on the anterior surface of the phantom eye location. All exposures were performed on one commercially available dental CBCT machine, using selected collimation and exposure techniques. Each scan technique was performed without any lead shielding and then repeated with lead shielding in place. To calculate the percent reduction from lead shielding, the dose measured with lead shielding was divided by the dose measured without lead shielding. The percent reduction from collimation was calculated by comparing the dose measured with collimation to the dose measured without collimation. Results: The dose to the internal eye for one of the scans without leaded glasses or thyroid shield was 0.450 cGy and with glasses and thyroid shield was 0.116 cGy (a 74% reduction). The reduction to the lens of the eye was from 0.396 cGy to 0.153 cGy (a 61% reduction). Without glasses or thyroid shield, the thyroid dose was 0.158 cGy; and when both glasses and shield were used, the thyroid dose was reduced to 0.091 cGy (a 42% reduction). Conclusions: Collimation alone reduced the dose to the brain by up to 91%, with a similar reduction in other organs. Based on these data, leaded glasses, thyroid collars and collimation minimize the dose to organs outside the field of view.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of leaded glasses and thyroid shielding on cone beam CT radiation dose in an adult female phantom

Goren

Prins²,

Dauer³

et al. 2013

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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“…One such method is to place radiation-absorbing material, usually in the form of lead rubber shielding, onto the patient surface, outside of the anatomy of interest. Shielding in this manner has been used in dental and conventional radiology as well as fluoroscopy and has been shown to yield significant dose savings [2][3][4][5][6][7]. This technique, referred to as ''out-of-plane'' shielding, has also been advocated in CT for protection of the breast and thyroid [8][9][10][11][12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ and effective dose reduction in adult chest CT using abdominal lead shielding

Iball¹,

Brettle²

2011

BJR

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare organ and effective dose savings that could be achieved using conventional lead aprons and a new, custom-designed shield as out-of-plane shielding devices during chest CT scans. Methods: Thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to measure doses throughout the abdomen and pelvis during CT scans of the chest of a RANDO phantom. Dose measurements were made with no shielding, with lead aprons and with the new shield around the abdomen and pelvis in order to quantify the achievable organ and effective dose reductions. Results: Average dose savings in the 10 phantom sections ranged from 5% to 78% with the highest point dose saving of 93% being found in the mid-pelvis. When shielding was used, the maximum measured organ dose reduction was a 72% dose saving to the testes. Significant dose savings were found throughout the abdomen and pelvis, which contributed to an effective dose saving of 4% that was achieved over and above the dose savings obtained through conventional optimisation strategies. This could yield significant population dose savings and reductions in collective radiation risk. Conclusion: In this study significant organ and effective dose reductions have been achieved through the use of abdominal shielding during chest CT examinations and it is therefore recommended that out-of-plane patient shielding devices should be used for all chest CT scans and potentially for every CT scan, irrespective of body part.

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“…[3][4][5][6][7][8] This indicates that our experimental setup with the survey detector at the location of the thyroid is valid for evaluating thyroid dose levels. It should be noted that our experimental setup is not identical to a dose study to calculate the effective dose of exposure modalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…[6][7][8][9][10] This can be carried out by using a thyroid shield, thyroid collar or leaded apron with collar. The referenced studies show large dose reductions when using thyroid shielding in intraoral radiography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The value of thyroid shielding in intraoral radiography

Hoogeveen¹,

Hazenoot²,

Sanderink³

et al. 2016

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objectives: To evaluate the utility of the application of a thyroid shield in intraoral radiography when using rectangular collimation. Methods: Experimental data were obtained by measuring the absorbed dose at the position of the thyroid gland in a RANDO ® (The Phantom Laboratory, Salem, NY) male phantom with a dosemeter. Four protocols were tested: round collimation and rectangular collimation, both with and without thyroid shield. Five exposure positions were deployed: upper incisor (Isup), upper canine (Csup), upper premolar (Psup), upper molar (Msup) and posterior bitewing (BW). Exposures were made with 70 kV and 7 mA and were repeated 10 times. The exposure times were as recommended for the exposure positions for the respective collimator type by the manufacturer for digital imaging. The data were statistically analyzed with a three-way ANOVA test. Significance was set at p , 0.01. Results: The ANOVA test revealed that the differences between mean doses of all protocols and geometries were statistically significant, p , 0.001. For the Isup, thyroid dose levels were comparable with both collimators at a level indicating primary beam exposure. Thyroid shield reduced this dose with circa 75%. For the Csup position, round collimation also revealed primary beam exposure, and thyroid shield yield was 70%. In Csup with rectangular collimation, the thyroid dose was reduced with a factor 4 compared with round collimation and thyroid shield yielded an additional 42% dose reduction. The thyroid dose levels for the Csup, Psup, Msup and BW exposures were lower with rectangular collimation without thyroid shield than with round collimation with thyroid shield. With rectangular collimation, the thyroid shield in Psup, Msup and BW reduced the dose 10% or less, where dose levels were already low, implying no clinical significance. Conclusions: For the exposures in the upper anterior region, thyroid shield results in an important dose reduction for the thyroid. For the other exposures, thyroid shield augments little to the reduction achieved by rectangular collimation. The use of thyroid shield is to be advised, when performing upper anterior radiography.

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Leaded shields for thyroid dose reduction in intraoral dental radiography

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of leaded glasses and thyroid shielding on cone beam CT radiation dose in an adult female phantom

Effect of leaded glasses and thyroid shielding on cone beam CT radiation dose in an adult female phantom

Organ and effective dose reduction in adult chest CT using abdominal lead shielding

The value of thyroid shielding in intraoral radiography

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