Lead photocathodes

Smedley, J.; Rao, T.; Sekutowicz, J.

doi:10.1103/physrevstab.11.013502

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Photocathodes have been prepared by different methods, namely, pulsed laser deposition [15,16], sputtering [7], ion implantation [17], arc deposition [8], friction welding [18], evaporation [19], hot isostatic pressure [20], and bulk disks press fitted [21]. The results of these investigations indicate that magnesium [9,21,22], yttrium [16,23], and lead [8,24] are very promising metallic photocathodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Nevertheless, the challenge to obtain future x-ray FELs requires further improvements of the quality of the electron beams. Many laboratories are interested in R&D on photocathodes to find new materials capable of producing bright electron beams for the next FEL sources [5][6][7][8][9][10]. A good cathode is characterized by high robustness, promptness of emission, high quantum efficiency (QE), and low thermal emittance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, electron sources based on lead thin film should be even more interesting due to its relatively high QE (1 Â 10 À3 at 213 nm [8]) and to its higher chemical stability and, hence, to its longer lifetime. Moreover, lead has been indicated one of the best photocathodes in hybrid lead-niobium rf guns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highlights on photocathodes based on thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

Lorusso

Gontad

Perrone

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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We review the current status of metallic photocathodes based on thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and we explore ways to improve the performance of these devices. PLD seems to be a very efficient and suitable technique for producing adherent and uniform thin films. Time-resolved mass spectrometric investigations definitively suggest that the deposition of high-purity metallic thin films should be carried out in ultrahigh vacuum systems and after a deep and careful laser cleaning of the target surface. Moreover, the laser cleaning of the target surface is highly recommended not only to remove the first contaminated layers but also to improve the quality of the vacuum by reducing the partial pressure of reactive chemical species as H 2 O, H 2 , and O 2 molecules. The challenge to realize high-purity Mg and Y thin films is very interesting for the photocathode R&D due to the good photoemission properties of these metals. Photocathodes based on Mg and Y thin films have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques to derive the morphological and structural features, respectively. They were also tested in a photodiode cell to deduce the photoelectron properties. The quantum efficiency of such photocathodes was systematically improved by in situ laser cleaning treatments of the surface in order to remove the contaminated layers reaching, in this way, the quantum efficiency of the corresponding bulk materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highlights on photocathodes based on thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

Lorusso

Gontad

Perrone

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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show abstract

“…The most promising alternative seems to be the insertion of a small photo-emitting spot made of an alternative material, which improves the photoemission performance of the SRF cavity but preserves its quality factor [11]. The use of Pb has been proposed as an excellent solution because its superconducting critical temperature of 7.2 K is quite similar to that of Nb (9.3 K) and the QE of Pb is an order of magnitude higher than that of Nb [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Pb thin films prepared by the nanosecond pulsed laser deposition technique for photocathode application

Lorusso¹,

Gontad²,

Broitman³

et al. 2015

Thin Solid Films

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Pb thin films were prepared by the ns pulsed laser deposition technique on Si (100) and polycrystalline Nb substrates for photocathode application. As the photoemission performances of a cathode are strongly affected by its surface characteristics, the Pb films were grown at different substrate temperatures with the aim of modifying the morphology and structure of thin films. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses showed a strong morphological change in the deposited films with the substrate temperature, and the formation of spherical grains at higher temperatures with the nucleation of large voids on the film surface. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that a preferred orientation of Pb (111)

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“…R&D of photocathodes is of great interest for the production of high brightness electron beam sources which are demanded, for example, for the new generation of X-ray free electron lasers and laser-plasma accelerators [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and morphological properties of metallic thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition for photocathode application

et al. 2016

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In this work yttrium and lead thin films have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition technique and characterized by ex-situ different diagnostic methods. All the films were adherent to the substrates and revealed a polycrystalline structure. Y films were uniform with a very low roughness and droplet density while Pb thin films were characterized by a grain morphology with a relatively high roughness and droplet density. Such metallic materials are studied because they are proposed as a good alternative to copper and niobium photocathodes which are generally used in radiofrequency and superconducting radiofrequency guns, respectively. The photoemission performances of the photocathodes based on Y and Pb thin films have been also studied and discussed.

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Lead photocathodes

Cited by 44 publications

References 11 publications

Highlights on photocathodes based on thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

Highlights on photocathodes based on thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

Characterisation of Pb thin films prepared by the nanosecond pulsed laser deposition technique for photocathode application

Structural and morphological properties of metallic thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition for photocathode application

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