Lead ion sensor with electrodes modified by imidazole-functionalized polyaniline

Abstract

Glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) and carbon paste electrodes (CPE) were modified with imidazole functionalized polyaniline with the aim to develop a sensor for lead (II) in both acidic and basic aqueous solution. The electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The limit of detections obtained with glassy carbon electrode and carbon paste electrode are 20 ng mL -1 and 2 ng mL -1 of lead ion, respectively. An interference study was carried out with Cd (II), As(III), Hg(II) and Co(II) ions. Cd(II) ions interfere significantly (peak overlap) and As(III) has a depressing effect on the lead signal. The influence of pH was investigated indicating that bare and modified GCE and CPE show optimum response at pH 4.0 ± 0.05.

Modified Electrodes Used for Electrochemical Detection of Metal Ions in Environmental Analysis

“…[ 88 ] developed a new copolymer poly(diphenylamine-co-2-aminobenzonitrile) and showed that it is efficient for detection of these ions down to 1.26 ppm and 0.26 ppm, respectively ( Figure 7 B). Copolymers of aniline and imidazole were also reported to present a high sensitivity toward Pb 2+ (2 µg·L −1 ) [ 89 ]. In another interesting example, authors described an electrode modified with overoxidized 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MES)-tethered polypyrrole, Nafion and bismuth, by analogy with bismuth thin-film electrodes described in Section 3.4 of this review [ 90 ].…”

Iminodiacetic acid functionalized polypyrrole modified electrode as Pb(II) sensor: Synthesis and DPASV studies

“…These authors achieved selective sensing of Pb 2+ ion with a detection limit of 2.7 × 10 −9 M concentration. In another study [19] a CPE was modified with a Schiff base molecule for Cu 2+ determination in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10 −8 to 1.0 × 10 −1 M. Studies have also been carried out with other polymer modified CPEs for the detection of Pb 2+ and other metal ions [20,21]. Iminodiacetic acid (IDA), as a selective metal coordinating ligand, has been used for remediation of lead [22] as well as for other kinds of sensing applications [23].…”

Voltammetric Determination of Hg2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+Ions Using a PEDOT/NTA-Modified Electrode

“…19,20 The detection of metal ions using conducting polymers can be improved by modification of electrode surfaces through various chemical methods and functionalization techniques. 23,24 When functional groups are sited on a polymer surface, they can perform various functions such as catalysis, sensing, and chemiluminescence. 21 Furthermore, functionalized surfaces have the smart ability to change their physical and chemical structures on exposure to specific stimuli.…”