Lead in soil by field‐portable x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry—an examination of paired <i>In Situ</i> and laboratory ICP‐AES results

Binstock, David A.; Gutknecht, W. F.; McWilliams, Andrea

doi:10.1002/rem.20171

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, paint chips in the dust wipe samples can confound the results (Sterling et al, 2000). When comparing FP-XRF analysis and ICP-AES analysis for bulk samples of soil around homes with lead-based paint Binstock et al (2009) found no statistical difference between the two methods in soil with particle sizes less than 250 µm. When comparing ICP and XRF for lead on surface wipes, Harper et al (2002) concluded that the XRF underestimated the concentrations but still found strong liner relationships between the two methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A comparison of field portable X-ray fluorescence (FP XRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) methods for analysis of metals on surface dust

O'Donnell,

Autenrieth,

Nagisetty

2024

Preprint

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The traditional method for sampling for lead on surfaces uses inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP -AES) to analyze the concentration of lead and other metals on surfaces. This type of analysis is time consuming and costly. Field portable X-ray fluorescence (FP XRF) is another analysis method that is not as accurate as traditional laboratory methods but is more cost efficient and has a turnaround time of less than an hour. The primary goal of this study is to find the best method to increase the level of agreement between the ICP-AES concentrations and the FP XRF concentrations when analyzing lead concentrations on surface wipes. Inverse regression and ratio of the means correction factors were analyzed to try to improve the prediction of ICP-AES concentrations using FP XRF results. Fifty-seven dust wipe samples were analyzed using a split-half design. Half of the samples were used to create the correction factor and the other half were used to test the level of agreement. Linear regression and Bland -Altman plots were used to determine the correction factor that provided the highest level of agreement. A ratio of the means correction factor was determined to be the most appropriate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A comparison of field portable X-ray fluorescence (FP XRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) methods for analysis of metals on surface dust

O'Donnell,

Autenrieth,

Nagisetty

2024

Preprint

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“…In many communities, lead (Pb) contamination remains the primary culprit. This heavy metal, which is an artifact of anthropogenic activity, has entered the soil primarily as a result of the prolonged use of leaded gasoline in the internal combustion engine and leaded paint applied inside and outside of many buildings from approximately the 1920s until 1996 and 1978 in the United States, respectively (Binstock et al., 2008; Markey et al, 2008; McBride et al., 2011; Schwarz et al., 2012). Human exposure has been linked to a variety of health maladies, leading the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to recommend action at blood Pb levels exceeding 5 μg dl −1 (CDC, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential human inhalation exposure to soil contaminants in urban gardens on brownfields sites: A breath of fresh air?

et al. 2021

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Urban gardening has been experiencing increased popularity around the world. Many urban gardens are located on sites that may be contaminated by trace elements or organic compounds due to previous use. The three main exposure pathways to the human body for soil contaminants are (a) ingestion of soil directly, (b) consumption of produce containing or superficially contaminated with a contaminant, (c) and inhalation of soil dust. The first two modes have received much attention; however, the contribution of the inhalation route has not been investigated adequately. Two inhalation risk studies were carried out in urban gardens located in Kansas City, MO, by collecting dust while 25-m 2 plots were rototilled. Microclimatic variables were monitored, and total inhalable dust mass was determined using a personal sampling train including a small pump and air filter. Soil lead (Pb) concentration was assessed at both sites. For Study 1, particle size distribution of collected particles was estimated through analysis of scanning electron microscope images of filters. Little dust was collected at either site. Most particles captured, however, appeared to be <4 μm in diameter. The amount of dust emitted was correlated with soil moisture. Tilling reduced soil aggregate size and blended soil, resulting in a more homogeneous distribution of Pb. Dust inhalation while tilling is likely not a major Pb exposure risk for gardeners, but given the preponderance of very small particles in what was captured, care should be taken to prevent dust from entering the respiratory system.

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“…However, several physico-chemical parameters of soil are known to affect the quality and the precision of PXRF reading, essentially sample matrix, surface irregularity, interfering elements, mineralogy, particle size and soil moisture [9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soil moisture on trace elements concentrations using portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometer

Sahraoui

Hachicha

2017

J. Fundam and Appl Sci.

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Portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) technology can offer rapid and cost-effective determination of the trace elements concentrations in soils. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of soil moisture content under different condition on PXRF measurement quality. For this purpose, PXRF was used to evaluate the soil elemental concentrations for Ca, Mg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, P, Fe, Mn and Pb in 60 samples in a perimeter irrigated with treated wastewater (Cebala Borj Touil, North-east Tunisia). Scanning was conducted under four moisture conditions: in-situ, dried soil at 105°C, 40% moisture content soil and saturated soil.All were then compared relatively to dried sample scans. As expected, the relationship between dried vs both in-situ and 40% moisture content elements concentrations were linear.However, PXRF readings from saturated samples were significantly underestimated compared to the measurements on dry samples. Furthermore, soil moisture content caused a significant under-reporting of elemental concentrations compared to the scanning on dry samples. PXRF acted differently for each element following the moisture content of soil. In fact, attenuation coefficient σ of Cr, Fe and Mn were the most affected by saturation of soil samples, whilst Ca, Mg and Ni were more affected for 40% moisture content while Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and P were affected for in-situ measurements. Correction equations enhanced the error produced by the water influence moisture content and corrected PXRF measurements.

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Lead in soil by field‐portable x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry—an examination of paired In Situ and laboratory ICP‐AES results

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

A comparison of field portable X-ray fluorescence (FP XRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) methods for analysis of metals on surface dust

A comparison of field portable X-ray fluorescence (FP XRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) methods for analysis of metals on surface dust

Potential human inhalation exposure to soil contaminants in urban gardens on brownfields sites: A breath of fresh air?

Effect of soil moisture on trace elements concentrations using portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometer

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