Lead free Bi 3 TaTiO 9 ferroelectric ceramics with high Curie point

Influence of MnO2 on the ferroelectric properties, energy storage efficiency and piezoelectric properties of high-temperature Bi3TaTiO9 ceramics

“…This typical behavior of the Aurivillius bismuth layered structure ferroelectric ceramics is because of their anisotropic nature, as the grain growth is more rapid perpendicular to the c -axis. 17,21,38 It can be seen in Fig. 2(a)–(d) that the shape and size of the grains haven’t changed either with or without the MnO 2 additive.…”

“…1 illustrates and which is in good agreement with the standard PDF card # 73-2180. 17,21 Furthermore, no impurities or extra peaks have been visible in any of the XRD patterns, indicating that additive Mn has not been integrated into the BTTO crystal lattice. The XRD analysis reveals that phase formation has not been considerably impacted by the addition of Mn 3+ ions for Ti 4+ and Bi 3+ ions, although there is a slight shift for the most intense peak (115) in the direction of a higher angle.…”

“…[18][19][20] Among them, Bi 3 TaTiO 9 (BTTO) is a preeminent member of the BLSF family, as it has a high Curie temperature (T C ) of B850 1C. 17,21 It has been reported that orthorhombic ceramics have a low piezoelectric d 33 of B13 pC N À1 . 17 Alkali metal and rare-earth elements have been reported to be co-doped at the A site to promote d 33 , and defective dipoles have been shown to be a significant contributor to increased d 33 .…”