Lead, cadmium, copper and zinc content in women’s blood during the third trimester of uncomplicated and complicated gestation

Abstract

Experimental and clinical physiology and biochemistry, ECPB 2019, 3(87): 5-11. https://doi.org/ 16. Karimi A, Bagheri S, Nematy M, Saeidi M. Zinc deficiency in pregnancy and fetalneonatal outcomes and impact of the supplements on pregnancy outcomes. Introduction.Reproductive health care is one of the priority problems in modern ecological situation. Environmental pollution by heavy metals and imbalance of trace elements lead to a decrease in adaptation reserves with the further development of changes in most systems of the organism. In this regard, the research of the heavy metals and trace elements effects on pregnancy by studying their content in women's blood during uncomplicated and complicated gestation is an important issue.The purpose of this study was to assess lead, cadmium, copper and zinc levels in women's blood during the third trimester of gestation and to analyze the correlation between their content and gestational complications.Materials and methods. Investigation of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc levels in the blood of 45 women with uncomplicated pregnancy and 70 women with gestation complicated by anemia (31.4 %), threatened abortion (40.0 %) and gestational pyelonephritis (28.6 %) was carried out. The indication of metals was evaluated by the inversion voltammetry method.The following criteria were chosen: the third trimester of pregnancy, the homogeneity of social status, the absence of physical, genetic and oncological diseases, burdened obstetric and gynecological history. The course of pregnancy was analyzed by processing primary statistic documents -individual case records of pregnant and parturient women (form 111/o).Results. The average level of lead and cadmium in women's blood during third trimester of complicated pregnancy were relatively higher (p<0.01) than in women with the uncomplicated course of gestation, while the content of trace elements was significantly lower.The highest content of lead and cadmium were recorded in the blood of women with threatened miscarriage and pyelonephritis, which was 3.9 and 4.2 times higher (p<0.01) than in uncomplicated pregnancy. Lead level in women with anemia and pyelonephritis exceeded the index in physiological gestation by 3.8 and 3.1 times (p<0.01) respectively. Pregnant women with anemia and threatened miscarriage had respectively 3.0 and 3.9 times higher cadmium level (p<0.01) than healthy ones.The average copper and zinc content during the third trimester of gestation was significantly in 1.3-1.8 times (p<0.01) lower compared with uncomplicated pregnancy. The lowest levels of copper were found in the blood of pregnant women with anemia and the lowest zinc contentduring threatened miscarriage.The lowest lead content (up to 0.08 mg/L) was combined with high (over 1.5 mg/L) copper concentration and did not depend on cadmium concentration in women. At the same time, high level of lead (over 0.56 mg/L) was observed in the case of increased cadmium content (over 0.005 mg/L) and decreased copper level (up to 0.08 mg/L).It was shown that comb...

Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Threatened Miscarriage: Advantages and Risks

“…Copper (Cu) as a trace element plays an important role in the maturation of hematopoietic cells in normal pregnancy and embryogenesis and in fetal and postnatal growth, and low plasma Cu levels have been found in spontaneous, threatened, and missed miscarriages during the first trimester of pregnancy [141]. Women with threatened miscarriage had 47.0% lower Cu levels than women with healthy pregnancies, and approximately 30% failed to reach term due to Cu deficiency [136,142,143]. ere is a direct and positive correlation between Zn and Cu levels in women with threatened miscarriage, and there is a significant negative correlation between Cu and the ratio of Cu to Zn in women with a history of spontaneous abortion.…”