Lead and Growth

Kaji, Masahide; Nishi, Yoshikazu

doi:10.1297/cpe.15.123

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…6 While a number of studies have shown that lead increases the risk of poorer birth outcomes, not all studies have consistently demonstrated such associations. 6,[25][26][27][28][29] In the current study, before covariate adjustment, we did find an association between tooth lead level in the second trimester, however, after covariate adjustment, this association was attenuated. These findings are similar to those found in Project Viva, which showed that mid-pregnancy maternal red blood cell lead level was not associated with infant birth weight or gestational age at delivery after adjusting for confounding factors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

In utero metal exposures measured in deciduous teeth and birth outcomes in a racially-diverse urban cohort

Cassidy‐Bushrow

Sitarik

et al. 2019

Environmental Research

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A growing number of studies have examined associations of metal exposures with birth outcomes, however, results from these studies have been inconsistent, and hampered by methodological limitations. We measured direct fetal exposure to three metals (lead, manganese and zinc) during the second and third trimester and examined its association with birth weight and gestational age at delivery. Participants in the Wayne County Health, Environment, Allergy and Asthma Longitudinal Study (WHEALS), a population-based birth cohort established between September 2003 and December 2007, were invited to donate teeth to the study. Lead, manganese and zinc during the second and third trimesters were measured via high-resolution microspatial mapping of dentin growth rings, a validated biomarker for prenatal metal exposure. Gestational age at delivery and infant birth weight were obtained from the delivery medical record. A total of 145 children had tooth metal measurements and birth outcome data. Mean birth weight was 3431±472 g and

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

In utero metal exposures measured in deciduous teeth and birth outcomes in a racially-diverse urban cohort

Cassidy‐Bushrow

Sitarik

et al. 2019

Environmental Research

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“…Some data suggest effects of these metals are sex- or race-specific [ 14 , 15 ]. In both humans and experimental model systems, fetal exposure to these trace metals is associated with lower birthweight [ 16 – 23 ] and shorter birth length [ 17 , 19 , 24 – 30 ]. While non-specific, low birthweight is a consistent risk factor for obesity and cardiometabolic disease in adulthood [ 31 – 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal blood cadmium, lead and arsenic levels, nutrient combinations, and offspring birthweight

et al. 2017

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BackgroundCadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) are common environmental contaminants that have been associated with lower birthweight. Although some essential metals may mitigate exposure, data are inconsistent. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between toxic metals, nutrient combinations and birthweight among 275 mother-child pairs.MethodsNon-essential metals, Cd, Pb, As, and essential metals, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) were measured in maternal whole blood obtained during the first trimester using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Folate concentrations were measured by microbial assay. Birthweight was obtained from medical records. We used quantile regression to evaluate the association between toxic metals and nutrients due to their underlying wedge-shaped relationship. Ordinary linear regression was used to evaluate associations between birth weight and toxic metals.ResultsAfter multivariate adjustment, the negative association between Pb or Cd and a combination of Fe, Se, Ca and folate was robust, persistent and dose-dependent (p < 0.05). However, a combination of Zn, Cu, Mn and Mg was positively associated with Pb and Cd levels. While prenatal blood Cd and Pb were also associated with lower birthweight. Fe, Se, Ca and folate did not modify these associations.ConclusionSmall sample size and cross-sectional design notwithstanding, the robust and persistent negative associations between some, but not all, nutrient combinations with these ubiquitous environmental contaminants suggest that only some recommended nutrient combinations may mitigate toxic metal exposure in chronically exposed populations. Larger longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4225-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…However, minimizing potential human exposure is still adverse health effects. Based on several studies, Pb is best known for impeding children's growth, as it accumulates in the long bones and causes bone damage [33][34][35][36]. In addition, low Cd exposure is still limited and has had opposing results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Drinking Water for School use in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand

Decharat

Pan-in

2020

Environ Anal Health Toxicol

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The promotion of school hygiene is typically covered along with topics like food borne disease, water borne disease, hand washing with soap, waste management and clean drinking water. WHO/UNICEF [1] presented data that 31%, 29%, and 79% of schools lack basic water facilities, basic sanitation facilities and basic hand washing facilities, respectively. There are various categories of drinking water, including improved sources, such as piped water and boreholes, and unimproved sources, which include surface waters and unprotected drinking wells [1]. Quality of drinking water in primary schools is well recognised in its importance because adequate water intake not only presents a quality of health in children, but it may also have a positive impact on cognition of children [2-4]. The heavy metals in drinking water most often linked to human poisoning are lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), which can be toxic even in low doses [5]. These studies indicate the potential for significant exposure to heavy metals to occur as a result of heavy metal contamination of school drinking water sources. Shotyk and Krachler [6] reported that water bottled in glass containers was contaminated with Pb due to leaching from the containers. Heavy metal concentrations are low when the water leaves the water supply, but the heavy metal concentrations may increase during transportation and storage in the distribution center [7]. Fertmann et al. [8] reported a concentration of Pb in tap water higher than the detection limit and showed significantly higher blood Pb levels. Badr et al. [9] found concentrations of chromium (Cr), Pb and iron (Fe) in drinking water that there were significantly higher in tap water samples compared to bottled water. In addition, blood creatinine and urea levels were positively correlated with Cr and Cd levels in subjects who were mainly drinking tap water. Filtration is a common way to obtain pure drinking water by removing particles and microorganisms based on size exclusion. Conventional water treatment systems were found, in general, while advanced technologies such as Actiflo® clarification sys

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Lead and Growth

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

In utero metal exposures measured in deciduous teeth and birth outcomes in a racially-diverse urban cohort

In utero metal exposures measured in deciduous teeth and birth outcomes in a racially-diverse urban cohort

Maternal blood cadmium, lead and arsenic levels, nutrient combinations, and offspring birthweight

Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Drinking Water for School use in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand

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