Leaching of lime and fertilisers from a reseeded upland pasture on a stagnogley soil in mid-Wales

Cuttle, S. P.; James, A.R.

doi:10.1016/0378-3774(95)01174-h

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In contrast the higher levels of TP and alkalinity in clusters 2, 5 and possibly 3 could be attributable to sources from agricultural land, which composed a higher proportion of catchment area in these clusters. It was not possible to partition sources of alkalinity as being natural or anthropogenic in origin but the latter is likely to be significant given the frequent application of lime and its high rate of leaching from upland soils (Cuttle and James, 1995;Goulding and Annis, 1998). Isoetid lake catchments in Ireland are dominated by peatlands ( Table 1) and comparisons of satellite-derived land cover data between 1990 and 2000 have indicated an 8% decline in wetlands (principally bogs) largely owing to the plantation of forests (Stafford et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identification, characterization and conservation value of isoetid lakes in Ireland

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Bowman

McGarrigle

et al. 2008

Aquatic Conservation

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ABSTRACT1. Soft-water, oligotrophic isoetid lakes are vulnerable to eutrophication, acidification and alkalinization. As a result of these pressures a large proportion have undergone substantial deterioration in several European countries. The understanding of these systems has been limited by either a lack of lakes close to natural conditions or through receiving less focus in broader scale macrophyte surveys. This has resulted in a dearth of information on specific lake types in their natural condition. Sixty-eight soft-water lakes in Ireland were studied in order to achieve a better understanding of the biological and environmental conditions defining such lakes.2. Eight groups of lakes were identified using cluster analysis and indicator species analysis. Three groups were representative of isoetid-rich lakes displaying a high frequency of occurrence of Isoetes lacustris, Lobelia dortmanna or Eriocaulon aquaticum together with the almost ubiquitous Littorella uniflora. Canonical variates analysis indicated that alkalinity, total phosphorus (TP), catchment area, altitude, moors and heathlands, mean transect depth, colour and lake area were significant variables discriminating among the eight groups. Soft-water lakes with high amounts of isoetids tended to be less exposed, have broad shallow littoral zones with a high transparency and be situated in smaller catchments. Total phosphorus and alkalinity were typically low, although one group of isoetid-rich lakes had higher mean TP and alkalinity values. This group may contain lakes under threat from nutrient enrichment and alkalinization and also lakes that have higher TP and alkalinity naturally.3. Lakes with a prevalence of isoetids supported a greater diversity of macrophytes and chironomids indicating that such lakes may represent suitable conservation targets as they act as surrogates for soft-water lakes of high biodiversity. Other factors favouring a focus on isoetids in conservation strategies are their importance as a functional component in soft-water lakes and their sensitivity to lake and catchment environmental change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identification, characterization and conservation value of isoetid lakes in Ireland

Free

Bowman

McGarrigle

et al. 2008

Aquatic Conservation

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“…Other investigations where lime has been applied to seminatural ecosystems have demonstrated significant modifications of SOM compared with corresponding, nonimproved areas. For instance, greater rates of mineralization of organic matter were observed in an experiment where lime was added to a Molinia grassland in comparison with a nonimproved area (Cuttle & James, 1995). A survey in a seminatural valley grassland, dominated by Nardus , Agrostis and Festuca , where soils were improved by supply of lime, also indicated that soil solutions from these pastures contained higher contents of organic carbon than those from unimproved sites (Hornung et al , 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon flow in an upland grassland: effect of liming on the flux of recently photosynthesized carbon to rhizosphere soil

Rangel‐Castro

Prosser

Scrimgeour

et al. 2004

Global Change Biology

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The effect of liming on the flow of recently photosynthesized carbon to rhizosphere soil was studied using 13 CO 2 pulse labelling, in an upland grassland ecosystem in Scotland. The use of 13 C enabled detection, in the field, of the effect of a 4-year liming period of selected soil plots on C allocation from plant biomass to soil, in comparison with unlimed plots. Photosynthetic rates and carbon turnover were higher in plants grown in limed soils than in those from unlimed plots. Higher d 13 C% values were detected in shoots from limed plants than in those from unlimed plants in samples clipped within 15 days of the end of pulse labelling. Analysis of the aboveground plant production corresponding to the 4-year period of liming indicated that the standing biomass was higher in plots that received lime. Lower d 13 C% values in limed roots compared with unlimed roots were found, whereas no significant difference was detected between soil samples. Extrapolation of our results indicated that more C has been lost through the soil than has been gained via photosynthetic assimilation because of pasture liming in Scotland during the period 1990-1998. However, the uncertainty associated with such extrapolation based on this single study is high and these estimates are provided only to set our findings in the broader context of national soil carbon emissions.

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“…Coefficients of variation for N 2 O emissions measurements typically range from 0.003 to 0.03 32. Modelling nitrogen dynamics in the soil is based on numerous processes for litter input, including N deposition, microbial decomposition, N mineralization, and other processes which are beyond the scope of this paper 33. Emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from the use of fertilizer were estimated using Eqn 6 34.…”

Section: Energy and Related Emissions From Crop Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is grass biomethane a sustainable transport biofuel?

Korres

Singh

Nizami

et al. 2010

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

115

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Grassland is a benefi cial landscape for numerous reasons including potential to sequester carbon in the soil. Cross compliance dictates that grassland should not be converted to arable land; this is particularly interesting in Ireland where 91% of agricultural land is under grass. Biogas generated from grass and further upgraded to biomethane has been shown to offer a better energy balance than fi rst-generation liquid biofuels indigenous to Europe. The essential question is whether the gaseous biofuel meets the EU sustainability criteria of 60% greenhouse gas emission savings. The base-case scenario investigated included: utilization of electricity from the grid; over-sizing heated digestion tanks to hold digestate in the winter period; vehicular effi ciency 82% of that of a diesel vehicle; and no allowance for carbon sequestration. The analysis of the base case showed a reduction in emissions of 21.5%. However by varying the system, using electricity from wind, improving digester confi guration, and by using a vehicle optimized for gaseous fuel, a reduction of 54% was evaluated. Furthermore allowing for 0.6 t carbon sequestration per hectare per annum the reduction increased to 75%.

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Leaching of lime and fertilisers from a reseeded upland pasture on a stagnogley soil in mid-Wales

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

The identification, characterization and conservation value of isoetid lakes in Ireland

The identification, characterization and conservation value of isoetid lakes in Ireland

Carbon flow in an upland grassland: effect of liming on the flux of recently photosynthesized carbon to rhizosphere soil

Is grass biomethane a sustainable transport biofuel?

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