Leaching of Biocides Used in Façade Coatings under Laboratory Test Conditions

Abstract

The European Biocidal Products Directive 98/8/EC requires a risk assessment concerning possible effects of active ingredients on the environment. Biocides can be leached from treated materials exposed to outdoor use. These emissions have to be estimated and evaluated during the authorization procedure. Different immersion and irrigation tests were performed to investigate leaching of biocides from façade coatings. Several marketed formulations of textured coatings and paints spiked with a mixture of commonly used active ingredients (OIT, DCOIT, IPBC, carbendazim, isoproturon, diuron, terbutryn, and Irgarol 1051) were investigated. The emission process can be described by time-dependent functions that depend on the test conditions. The results of all test procedures confirm that leachability is related to water solubility and n-octanol-water partition coefficient of the active ingredients and that leaching of biocides from façade coatings is mainly a diffusion controlled process. Other factors like the composition of the product, availability and transport of water, concentration of active ingredients in the coatings, as well as UV-exposure of the coatings influence biocide emissions.

Degradation of 4-Chloro-3,5-Dimethylphenol by a Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Reaction Using Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Catalysts

“…Biocides, identified as specialty organic or inorganic chemicals that control, inhibit, or kill the growth of different kinds of microorganisms (algae, bacteria, fungi, etc. ), have been used in everyday items, including clothes, kitchenware, daily necessities, infant utensils, cosmetics, and wrapping papers for foodstuffs (Arslan-Alaton, 2007;Nakama et al, 2007;Schoknecht et al, 2009). Most biocides not only exert their toxic effects on microorganisms through reactivity with proteins, suggesting a higher risk of biocides as skin sensitizers, but may also disturb human or animal endocrine systems (Yamano et al, 2004;Nakama et al, 2007).…”

Avaliação do efeito da Moagem no desempenho e na caracterização DRIFT-NIR de microbicidas na superfície de tintas comerciais

“…Para atuar, os microbicidas são liberados para a superfície da tinta e tal liberação é um processo que depende de suas características. Citando-se dois dos principais parâmetros que regem este fenômeno, como: seu transporte através da matriz (difusão) que o contém e sua degradação em menores moléculas [6] , sendo que é possível entender que partículas menores devem migrar mais facilmente que partículas maiores. Tanto substâncias líquidas quanto sólidas podem migrar através de um filme de tinta [7] , mas, certamente, as substâncias sólidas de tamanhos diminutos devem migrar mais facilmente em relação às partículas sólidas de maiores tamanhos.…”

“…A formulação da tinta foi submetida a um envelhecimento acelerado, que consistiu na sua exposição em frasco de vidro inerte e fechado à temperatura de 52 °C por 15 dias, condições típicas adotadas para análises de tintas [6] , nas quais os microbicidas não devem sofrer decomposição, e analisada por HPLC (Cromatógrafo líquido de alta eficiência Varian 940 LC, coluna de fase reversa C-18, 5 µm, 250 mm x 4,6 mm, detector UVvisível) [17] .…”

Modelling the fate of organic micropollutants in stormwater ponds

“…The four substances were selected among those identified in stormwater and with relevant uses and release in urban areas (Shinya et al, 2000;Borden et al, 2001;Togerö, 2004;Schoknecht et al, 2009;Botta et al, 2009): iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC -CAS number 85045-09-6) as a "moderate" substance, benzene (CAS no. 71-73-2) as a volatile substance, glyphosate (CAS no.…”