Leaching of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metallic Species from Rice Husk with Bio-oil from Its Pyrolysis

Karnowo, -; Zahara, Zayda Faizah; Kudo, Shinji; Norinaga, Koyo; Hayashi, Jun Ichiro

doi:10.1021/ef501748h

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is explained by more affinity with the organic matrix of the organic acids than HCl, which is probably too hydrophilic to penetrate into the entire part of the organic matrix of the lignite. 23) The removal of Ca, Mg and Fe depends more strongly on pH than that of Na and K. Such a trend is in broad agreement with previous reports, 33) and attributed to divalent nature of Ca and Mg ions, and divalent or trivalent nature of Fe ions. In general, stability of complexes of organic acid and metallic cation increases with the valence of the latter, while dissociation of them requires lower pH.…”

Section: Leachingsupporting

confidence: 91%

Modification of Reactivity and Strength of Formed Coke from Victorian Lignite by Leaching of Metallic Species

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Binderless briquetting of lignite at 100-200°C and subsequent carbonization produces formed coke with tensile strength (ST) of 5-40 MPa, while the briquetting often requires mechanical pressure over 100 MPa. High reactivity is another feature of the lignite-derived coke, and this arises from highly dispersed metallic species such as alkali/alkaline-earth metallic species and ferrous/ferric ones that catalyze CO2 gasification. This work investigated effects of leaching of those metallic species in aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid or oxalic acid on the reactivity and ST of resulting coke from a lignite. The leaching at pH ≤ 1 removed catalytic metallic species near completely, reducing the coke reactivity by a factor of 8-15. The reduced reactivity was similar to the reactivity of coke from a typical coking coal. The leaching at pH ≤ 2.2 increased ST from 6 to 13 MPa for briquetting at 200°C and 32 MPa. The performance of leaching with oxalic acid, of that solution had pH of 0.75 at 1 mol/L, was much better than that with acetic acid. This work also examined another type of leaching, oxidation of the lignite in aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, which produced organic mono-/di-acids in-situ from the oxidation of aromatic carbons of the lignite. The degree of reduction of the coke reactivity was between that for leaching at pH of 1 and 2. The degradation of macromolecules enhanced plasticizability of the lignite under briquetting and increased ST of the resulting coke to 22 MPa.

show abstract

Section: Leachingsupporting

confidence: 91%

Modification of Reactivity and Strength of Formed Coke from Victorian Lignite by Leaching of Metallic Species

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, the acetic acid solution may be more effective on biomass stalk, rather than the shell of the biomass such as PKS and CNS, because the higher surface area of the stalk can accelerate the reaction between the solid and the liquid agent, which has been confirmed by our comparisons of the ash rejection values (see Table ). Particularly, almost all the groups of biomass used in this experiment showed a high rejection value of up to 98–99% for potassium oxide, 70–93% for calcium oxide, and 60–95% for silica, which was significantly higher compared with the previous works in the literature. − Karnowo et al have suggested the potassium extraction method, from which the potassium present inside of the rice husk was removed up to 94.0% via the use of bio-oil containing phenolic and dehydrated sugars with the ratio of oil to rice husk of 20 for 24 h. Liaw et al reported that the hydrothermal process with the operating conditions of 10 MPa and 150 °C removed more than 90% of the calcium contained inside the wood chips. On the other hand, our proposed extraction process uses relatively lower temperature, lower pressure, and a shorter residence time than those found in the previous works. − We believe that our process can maximize the solid yield of the hemicellulose and cellulose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Techno-Economical Method for the Removal of Alkali Metals from Agricultural Residue and Herbaceous Biomass and Its Effect on Slagging and Fouling Behavior

Lee

Choi

Park

et al. 2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nowadays, it is widely recognized that biomass combustion processes can contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, and thus, these processes have become a viable option as an alternative energy source for the power industry. Among various biomasses, the herbaceous biomass is regarded as an abundant and relatively inexpensive fuel. However, it contains high ashes (especially high levels of alkali metals), leading to operation troubles such as slagging and fouling inside a heat exchanger or deterioration in efficiency. Accordingly, we herein propose an economical method to remove the inherent ashes in the biomass using 16.6 M acetic acid pretreatment at 60 °C for 10 min. Seven different biomasses were investigated to validate the effects of method. The Kenaf shows the total mineral rejection of 93.48%. In particular, the potassium and sodium elements in the Kenaf, which are major factors influencing fouling and slagging in a boiler, were removed up to 99.46 and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed wet treatment was more effective for biomass with higher surface areas.

show abstract

“…Within the cyclone system, 97.3 wt % of the char and ash was captured in the first cyclone. Char and ash breakthrough past the HGF unit was not detected while ICP-AES analysis of condensed pyrolysis oil from the small pilot-scale pyrolyzer showed minor quantities of Na, K, Mg, and Ca with values of 6, 20, 54, and 74 ppm, respectively. ,− Since char and alkali metals have been shown to promote aging of condensed oils through accelerated polymerization reactions, ,− the ability to remove these materials via cyclonic action coupled with hot-gas filtration is significant. Because the majority of the char and ash was captured in the first cyclone, it is proposed that the second cyclone can be eliminated (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Hot-Gas Filtration with a Supported Heteropolyacid Catalyst for Preconditioning Biomass Pyrolysis Vapors

Peterson

Engtrakul

Wilson

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of biomass, the separation of reactive char and alkali/alkaline particulates from biomass pyrolysis vapors by hot-gas filtration (HGF) leads to improved vapor stability and quality. HGF in tandem with chemical tailoring (e.g., partial deoxygenation) of the clean pyrolysis vapors, denoted as catalytic hot-gas filtration (CHGF), has the potential to further improve vapor composition by removing reactive oxygen moieties and protect downstream upgrading catalysts from fouling. Downstream upgrading refers to both vapor phase upgrading (e.g., ex situ CFP) and condensed phase upgrading (e.g., hydrotreating). Consequently, CHGF (as a single unit operation) was evaluated for preconditioning pyrolysis vapors for downstream upgrading processes. In order to understand the effective operating conditions that successfully filter and partially deoxygenate pyrolysis vapors, a titania-supported molybdenum heteropolyacid (Mo-HPA/TiO2) catalyst was studied for use in CHGF. Here, pine pyrolysis vapors were generated in a small pilot-scale pyrolyzer and transferred to a CHGF unit via a continuous-flow slipstream. In the CHGF unit, the pyrolysis vapors were filtered and upgraded over a packed Mo-HPA/TiO2 catalyst bed. Real-time monitoring and identification of the products formed were achieved by molecular beam mass spectrometry. The results showed that under a hydrogen-rich environment, the pine vapors were partially deoxygenated and alkylated over the Mo-HPA/TiO2 catalyst. Reactivity studies revealed that an increase in hydrogen concentration and a reduction in weight-hourly space velocity enhanced deoxygenation and alkylation. Time-on-stream (TOS) studies showed stable product formation up to 1 h with little change in catalyst activity. Additionally, the liquid product was collected using a custom fractional condensation unit (built in-house) and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry to confirm that the product was partially deoxygenated and alkylated. The combination of CHGF and fractional condensation allowed for chemical and physical removal of both foulant and value-added compounds (e.g., phenols, alkylphenols, methoxyphenols, cyclopentenones) for additional enhancement of downstream upgrading processes. The pre- and postreaction catalysts were characterized using temperature-programmed desorption, N2 physisorption, and elemental analysis with results indicating some catalyst coking. A hydrogen-based catalyst regeneration procedure restored the reacted catalyst activity to that of fresh Mo-HPA/TiO2.

show abstract

Leaching of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metallic Species from Rice Husk with Bio-oil from Its Pyrolysis

Cited by 42 publications

References 48 publications

Modification of Reactivity and Strength of Formed Coke from Victorian Lignite by Leaching of Metallic Species

Modification of Reactivity and Strength of Formed Coke from Victorian Lignite by Leaching of Metallic Species

Techno-Economical Method for the Removal of Alkali Metals from Agricultural Residue and Herbaceous Biomass and Its Effect on Slagging and Fouling Behavior

Catalytic Hot-Gas Filtration with a Supported Heteropolyacid Catalyst for Preconditioning Biomass Pyrolysis Vapors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About