Leaching

Richardson, John F.; Harker, J.H.; Backhurst, J.R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-049064-9.50021-7

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…According to Fig 3; using fresh solvent every hour helps observe the rate of extraction over time at every hour. This curve confirms Fick's law in diffusion that the rate of diffusion is driven by the concentration difference of the solute between feed and the solvent [8]. Fig 3 shows that more oil was extracted in the first hour of extraction or the first maceration; the rate and mass of extraction then decreases as the concentration of the solute decreases from the feed and increases in the bulk solution of the solvent [3].…”

Section: Oil Extraction By Macerationssupporting

confidence: 65%

Effects of Different Extraction Methods and Process Conditions in the Yields of Avocado Oil

2019

SETWM-19, ACBES-19, EEHSS-19 Nov. 18-19, 2019 Johannesburg (South Africa)

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South Africa is one of the highest producers of avocado fruit in the world, with an annual growth of the industry and a potential leading producer. This growth gives potential for avocado oil production industry of high economic importance. This study therefore explores different extraction methods with different process conditions to find the optimum method and conditions for a high oil yield from avocados. This was done by extracting oil from Hass avocados from South African cultivars using different methods and applying different process conditions. The extraction methods that were explored are solid-liquid extraction with hexane solvent and microwave-aided solvent extraction. The process conditions that were explored are different solid to liquid ratio; different extraction/residence times and continuous extraction with fresh solvent. The efficiency of all these methods and conditions were measured based on their oil yields. The objective of the study was to find optimum conditions to produce more avocado oil using fewer resources.

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Section: Oil Extraction By Macerationssupporting

confidence: 65%

Effects of Different Extraction Methods and Process Conditions in the Yields of Avocado Oil

2019

SETWM-19, ACBES-19, EEHSS-19 Nov. 18-19, 2019 Johannesburg (South Africa)

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“…The process is used for the production of a concentrated solution of valuable solid material or to remove an insoluble solid from a soluble material with which it is contaminated. The method used for extraction is largely determined by the proportion of soluble constituent present, its distribution in the solid, the nature of the solid and its’ particle size [ 43 ]. If the solute is uniformly dispersed in the solid, material near the surface will dissolve first, leaving a porous structure in the solid residue.…”

Section: Leaching Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the solvent will have to penetrate this outer layer before it can reach more solute, and the process will become progressively more difficult. The extraction rate will decrease [ 43 ].…”

Section: Leaching Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Mineral Leaching Mathematical Models—A Review

et al. 2022

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Mineral leaching is the key unit operation in metallurgical processes and corresponds to the dissolution of metals. The study of leaching is carried out in many areas, such as geology, agriculture and metallurgy. This paper provides an introduction to the theoretical background regarding the mathematical modelling of the leaching process of copper minerals, establishing an overall picture of the scientific literature on technological developments and the generation of representative mathematical and theoretical models, and indicating the challenges and potential contributions of comprehensive models representing the dynamics of copper mineral leaching.

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“…d 30 represents the particle mean mass diameter. This mean diameter is widely used in the literature on particulate solids and bubbly flows as well. − …”

Section: Reduced Cfd−pbm Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Group Reduced Population Balance Model for CFD Simulation of a Pilot-Plant Extraction Column

Drumm¹,

Attarakih²,

Hlawitschka³

2010

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this work, a one-group reduced population balance model based on the one primary and one secondary particle method (OPOSPM) developed recently by Attarakih et al. ( Jezowski J. Thullie J. Proceedings of the 19th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, ESCAPE-19, Cracow, Poland, June 14−17, 2009New York2009978-0-444-53433-0) is implemented in the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package FLUENT 6.3 for solving the population balance equation in a combined CFD−population balance model (PBM). The one-group reduced population balance conserves the total number (N) and volume (α) concentrations of the population by directly solving two transport equations for N and α and provides a one-quadrature point for closing the unclosed integrals in the population balance equation. Unlike the published two-equation models, the present method offers accuracy improvement and internal consistency (with respect to the continuous population balance equation) by increasing the number of primary particles (sections). The one-group reduced population balance provides the possibility of a one-equation model for the solution of the PBM in CFD based on the mathematically consistent d 30 instead of the classical d 32 mean droplet diameter. Droplet breakage and coalescence are considered in the PBM, which is coupled to the fluid dynamics in order to describe real droplet behavior in a stirred liquid−liquid extraction column. As a case study, a full pilot-plant extraction column of a rotating disk contactor (RDC) type consisting of 50 compartments was simulated with the new model. The predicted results for the mean droplet diameter and the dispersed-phase volume fraction (holdup) agree well with literature data. The results show that the new CFD−PBM model is very efficient from a computational point of view (a factor of 2 less than the QMOM and a factor of 5 less than the method of classes). This is because the one-group reduced population balance requires the solution of only one equation (the total number concentration) when coupled to the CFD solver. It is therefore suitable for fast and efficient simulations of small-scale devices and even large-scale industrial processes.

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Leaching

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of Different Extraction Methods and Process Conditions in the Yields of Avocado Oil

Effects of Different Extraction Methods and Process Conditions in the Yields of Avocado Oil

Copper Mineral Leaching Mathematical Models—A Review

One-Group Reduced Population Balance Model for CFD Simulation of a Pilot-Plant Extraction Column

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