Le tritium et l’environnement : sources, mesures et transferts

Guétat, Philippe; Douche, C.; Hubinois, Jean-Charles

doi:10.1051/radiopro:2008027

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…4 He from NG exploitation might have been partly counter-balanced by that of 3 He produced by nuclear tests. Over the period 1945-1963, the natural tritium background of ~ 3.6 kg has been upset by the input of ~560 kg of tritium from weapon tests in the atmosphere (Guétat et al, 2008). By 2008, only 40 kg of anthropogenic 3 H remained in the environment, indicating that ~520 kg of 3 H has decayed in ~1.7 × 10 5 mol of 3 He.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric helium isotopic ratio from 1910 to 2016 recorded in stainless steel containers

Boucher¹,

Marty²,

Zimmermann³

et al. 2018

Geochem. Persp. Let.

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The atmospheric helium isotope composition (R A = 3 He/ 4 He air = 1.39 × 10 -6 ) could have varied over recent times due to anthropogenic activities. In order to check this possibility, we conducted high-precision helium isotope measurements of air trapped in various stainless steel containers from France (pétanque balls, a float carburettor; 1910-2016) and Cape Grim, Tasmania (archived air tanks; 1978, 1988). We used a double collector mass spectrometer at the Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG, Nancy, France). We found a similar composition between the French and Cape Grim air samples. The temporal variation estimated from all samples including data previously published is not significant, with a trend of +0.002 ± 0.024 ‰/yr over 106 years (2σ). We suspect that the release of radiogenic 4 He by fossil fuel exploitation could have been at least partly offset by the production of 3 He (via the decay of 3 H) from nuclear tests. This study supports the suitability of atmospheric helium as an inter-laboratory isotope standard.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric helium isotopic ratio from 1910 to 2016 recorded in stainless steel containers

Boucher¹,

Marty²,

Zimmermann³

et al. 2018

Geochem. Persp. Let.

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“…Moreover, an observed modifying phenomenon occurred due to the action of HTO of very low activity concentration providing ~ 0.05 i^Gyxh"' dose rate of external exposure, which is much lower than the recently proposed dose rate value of 10 |iGyxh ' as a Predicted-No-Effect Value for freshwater ecosystems [15,16]. As might have been expected, we determined that at neutral pH Al alone did not significantly affect chloride and potassium transport systems involved in electrical excitation of PM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Modifying action of tritium on the charophytes bioelectrical response to anthropogenic pollution

Sevriukova¹,

Kanapeckaite²,

Kisnierienë³

et al. 2014

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“…With the development of fusion energy, tritium ( 3 H) will definitely become an element of concern for ecological risk assessments in aquatic ecosystems. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER, a prototype of the fusion reactor) will release ∼10 14 Bq of 3 H each year into a single river (Guétat et al, 2008). By comparison, current annual liquid releases of 3 H from all French Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) combined are ∼10 15 Bq year −1 (EDF, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tritium, a low energy β‐emitter (mean energy = 5.707 eV), naturally occurs in surface water at activities ranging from 1 × 10 −4 to 9 × 10 −4 Bq mL −1 (Guétat et al, 2008). This background level is due to cosmic neutrons interacting with nitrogen, oxygen, and argon (worldwide production of 7.2 × 10 16 Bq year −1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of reactive oxygen species and algal growth inhibition by tritiated water with or without copper

Réty

Góméz

2012

Environmental Toxicology

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Tritium ((3) H) is a radioactive element of ecological concern because of its release into aquatic ecosystems from nuclear power plants. However, the acute and chronic effects of tritiated water (HTO) on aquatic organisms are poorly documented, as are its effects on oxidative stress. In addition, the effects of HTO in combination with other contaminants remain largely unexamined. Herein, we document the effect of HTO on a primary aquatic producer (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) by measuring growth and oxidative stress using fluorimetric (H(2) DCF-DA) determination of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. The maximum cell density of the alga (1.65 × 10(6) cells mL(-1) ) was reduced by 23% (1.27 × 10(6) cells mL(-1) ) at the highest exposure tested (59 MBq mL(-1) HTO), whereas cells exposed to 0.9 MBq mL(-1) showed a significantly enhanced maximum cell density of 1.90 × 10(6) cells mL(-1) , an increase of 15%. With regard to oxidative stress, exposure to HTO (0.04, 0.16, and 2.8 MBq mL(-1) ) induced an early dose-dependent peak in ROS production after 14-15 min of exposure, followed by a slow decrease in ROS which stabilized after 60 min. Moreover, this study showed that the presence of HTO may influence the impact of other conventional, nonradioactive contaminants, such as copper, a well known oxidizing trace metal for aquatic organisms. A significant synergic effect of copper and HTO on ROS production was observed. This synergic effect on oxidative stress was shown to be linked to an enhanced copper uptake rate measured in the presence of HTO (> 4 times). We conclude that HTO should be considered as a sensitizer when in a mixture with other contaminants, especially through interactions on the antioxidant system of algae.

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Le tritium et l’environnement : sources, mesures et transferts

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Atmospheric helium isotopic ratio from 1910 to 2016 recorded in stainless steel containers

Atmospheric helium isotopic ratio from 1910 to 2016 recorded in stainless steel containers

Modifying action of tritium on the charophytes bioelectrical response to anthropogenic pollution

Induction of reactive oxygen species and algal growth inhibition by tritiated water with or without copper

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