Le pastoralisme au Sénégal, entre politique « moderne » et gestion des risques par les pasteurs

Abstract

[eng] Véronique Ancey and Georges Monas — Pastoralism in Senegal: Between modern policy and risk management by livestock raisers.. The question of livestock raising in Senegal well illustrates how difficult it is, at times, for policies to take some realities into account. While such policies promptly mobilise recent concepts (such as food sovereignty) or propose modernist network approaches, discourses still often convey ancient clichés on the atavism and irrationality of pastoralists, along with ignorance of local, economic, agro-ecological and societal realities. It is such biased representations that this article puts to question, by examining the sectoral policy implemented in Senegal in order to secure local production systems

Shift in herders’ territorialities from regional to local scale: the political ecology of pastoral herding in western Burkina Faso

“…In Senegal (Ancey and Monas 2005) and Nigeria (Milligan and Binns 2007), policy makers still argue for the permanent settlement of herders and for the intensification of livestock production. In Burkina Faso, the same guiding motif appears in every report on general livestock policy orientations: 'transforming traditional herd-breeding into intensive or semi-intensive livestock husbandry' (Plan d'actions et programme d'investissements du sous-secteur de l'élevage 2010-2015 2010; Politique nationale de développement durable de l'éle-vage au Burkina Faso 2010; Stratégie d'aménagement, de sécurisation et de valorisation des espaces et aménage-ments pastoraux 2009).…”

“…The primary aim of current livestock policies is clearly to increase the supply of meat and milk to towns, and only secondarily to stop rangeland degradation (Ancey and Monas 2005). Sedentarization of herds, which is assumed to lead to intensification of meat or milk production, is the preferred way to achieve the first goal.…”

Malaria prevalence, prevention and treatment seeking practices among nomadic pastoralists in northern Senegal

“…In Senegal, these pastoralists may have more permanent dwellings in the north, but spend dry seasons in the comparatively moist south, returning north during rainy season. A large number of pastoralists move with their livestock from southern high malaria transmission zones toward the Ferlo and the Senegal River Valley every rainy season [ 5 ]. Anecdotal reports from health providers in the north suggest that the first malaria cases of the season are typically found among nomadic pastoralists, followed 2 to 3 weeks later by cases among residents.…”

Atlas of territory in transition - Views on the Senegal River Delta

“…These are emblematic spaces of pastoralism that encompass large areas of pastoral forage and institutional mechanisms to facilitate mobility (Wane et al, 2006). Other significant herd movements are directed towards the Peanut Basin and the departments of Thiès, and Koungheul, where historic relationships have existed between pastoralists and farmers (Ancey and Monas, 2005).…”