LDL cholesterol–raising effect of low-dose docosahexaenoic acid in middle-aged men and women

Theobald, Hannah; Chowienczyk, Phil; Whittall, Ros; Humphries, Steve E.; Sanders, Thomas A. B.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.4.558

Cited by 93 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A high physiologic dose of DHA completely reversed cell growth stimulation by a number of growth factors with demonstrated pathogenic effects in tumors of NF1, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. The DHA concentrations of 30 and 60 mg/ml used in this study are well within the normal physiologic range, and even much higher levels have been observed (Ruyle et al, 1990;Theobald et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Differential modulation of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor growth by omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

et al. 2005

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Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder of the nervous system resulting in neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). In this study, we report the modulation of murine and human MPNST cell growth by the fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA). DHA demonstrated a tendency to stimulate cell growth at low doses and induce apoptosis at high doses, paralleled by the activation of ERK and caspase-3. Furthermore, high-dose DHA reversed the stimulation of MPNST cell growth by a number of growth factors suggested to have a pathogenic effect in NF1 and inhibited MPNST growth in vivo. AA was found to have a reciprocal activity in vitro, stimulating MPNST cell growth at comparable concentrations and reducing DHA activation of ERK. These findings introduce fatty acids as a possible regulator of MPNST development in NF1 patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Differential modulation of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor growth by omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

et al. 2005

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“…4 %; Theobald et al 2004) and decreased (13 %; Childs et al 1990) by DHA treatment. It has also been reported (Theobald et al 2004) that apoB : LDLcholesterol, a measure of particle size, is increased after treatment with DHA. In two separate studies of a population who were overweight and hyperlipidaemic (Mori et al 2000a,b) the diameter of LDL particles has been reported to be increased after treatment with 4 g DHA/d.…”

Section: Effects Of Epa V Dha On Plasma Lipid Profilementioning

confidence: 91%

The impact of EPA and DHA on blood lipids and lipoprotein metabolism: influence of apoE genotype

Anil

2007

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Fish and fish oil-rich sources of long-chainn-3 fatty acids have been shown to be cardio-protective, through a multitude of different pathways including effects on arrythymias, endothelial function, inflammation and thrombosis, as well as modulation of both the fasting and postprandial blood lipid profile. To date the majority of studies have examined the impact of EPA and DHA fed simultaneously as fish or fish oil supplements. However, a number of recent studies have compared the relative biopotency of EPAv. DHA in relation to their effect on blood lipid levels. Although many beneficial effects of fish oils have been demonstrated, concern exists about the potential deleterious impact of EPA and DHA on LDL-cholesterol, with a highly-heterogenous response of this lipid fraction reported in the literature. Recent evidence suggests that apoE genotype may be in part responsible. In the present review the impact of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk and the blood lipoprotein profile will be considered, with a focus on the apoE gene locus as a possible determinant of lipid responsiveness to fish oil intervention.

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“…49 In the 4 studies that considered the level of Apo B, Agren et al 24 reported that Apo B levels decreased only in the very low density lipoprotein fraction among subjects in the fish diet and algal-DHA groups. Both Nelson et al 25 and Kelley et al 1 indicated that algal-DHA treatment did not affect levels of Apo B. Theobald et al 30 reported a significant increase in the level of Apo B in the algal-DHA group. However, the LDL-C:apo B ratio was greater, suggesting a shift toward the larger less atherogenic LDL particle size.…”

Section: Healthymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…22 DHA supplementation reduced levels of TG in all 6 studies that considered healthy (nonvegetarian) individuals by approximately 2%-26%. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] The largest decrease occurred in subjects with the highest baseline TG level (1.61 mmol/L, 143 mg/dL) or who received the largest dose of algal-DHA (6 g/d). In all but one study, 28 the level of HDL-C increased by 5%-9% but the change in LDL-C was inconsistent and not statistically significant.…”

Section: Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Overview of Algal-Docosahexaenoic Acid: Effects on Triglyceride Levels and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Ryan¹,

Keske²,

Hoffman³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Therapeutics

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The cardiovascular benefits of fish-derived long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid are well established. Less studied are specific effects of individual long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Based on data from 16 published clinical trials, this review examines effects of DHA triglyceride (TG) oil derived from algae (algal-DHA) on serum TG levels and related parameters. Study populations included subjects with both normal and elevated TG levels including those with persistent hypertriglyceridemia treated with concomitant 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) therapy. At doses of 1-2 g/d, algal-DHA significantly lowered plasma TG levels (up to 26%) either administered alone or in combination with statins. The reduction in TG levels was markedly greater in hypertriglyceridemic than in normal subjects. Algal-DHA modestly increased plasma levels of both high-density lipoprotein and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol. The increased plasma level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with a shift of lipoprotein particle size toward larger, less atherogenic subfractions. In some subjects, blood pressure and heart rate were significantly reduced. Algal-DHA was safe and well tolerated. Unlike fish oil, algal-DHA seldom caused gastrointestinal complaints such as fishy taste and eructation, attributes of importance for patient compliance in high-dose therapy. Regression analysis that showed a linear relationship between baseline TG and magnitude of TG reduction suggests that a study of patients with very high TG levels (.500 mg/dL) is warranted. Future pharmacologic therapies for treating hypertriglyceridemia may include algal-DHA.

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LDL cholesterol–raising effect of low-dose docosahexaenoic acid in middle-aged men and women

Abstract: A daily intake of approximately 0.7 g DHA increases LDL cholesterol by 7% in middle-aged men and women. It is suggested that DHA down-regulates the expression of the LDL receptor.

Cited by 93 publications

References 28 publications

Differential modulation of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor growth by omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

Differential modulation of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor growth by omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

The impact of EPA and DHA on blood lipids and lipoprotein metabolism: influence of apoE genotype

Clinical Overview of Algal-Docosahexaenoic Acid: Effects on Triglyceride Levels and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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