LC–MS measurment of free steroids in mussels ( Mytilus trossulus) from the southern Baltic Sea

Hallmann, Anna; Smolarz, Katarzyna; Konieczna, Lucyna; Zabrzańska, Sandra; Belka, Mariusz; Bączek, Tomasz

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2015.09.013

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…According to our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study fully documenting the occurrence of aromatization process taking place in bivalve tissues. In our previous studies (Hallmann et al, 2016; Smolarz et al, 2018) testosterone level in M. trossulus ranged from 3 to 14 ng/g of wet weight, depending on the season and tissue type. These values correspond well with the levels of T- 13 C 3 intercepted by mussels in the in vivo experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In spite of that, an association between gametogenesis stage and steroid content was reported with maximal steroids concentration often observed during reproduction peak and minimal concentration during low stage of gametogenesis (Ni, Zeng & Ke, 2013; Wang & Croll, 2007; Liu, Li & Kong, 2008; Ciocan et al, 2010; Morthorst et al, 2014; Hallmann et al, 2016). In Mytilus trossulus from the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea, Poland), seasonal differences in E2 and T concentrations in gonads and gills were also found, but no direct relation between steroids level and stage of gonad development was confirmed (Zabrzańska et al, 2015; Hallmann et al, 2016; Smolarz et al, 2018). Instead, a strong correlation between water temperature and steroids level was observed (Smolarz et al, 2018) suggesting temperature as an important factor influencing tissue steroids content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalveMytilus trossulus

Hallmann

Konieczna

Świeżak

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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In this study, we demonstrated the presence of the enzymatic complex able to perform aromatization (estrogen synthesis) in both, the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of gills and gonads from Mytilus trossulus. Based on in vitro experiments, we highlighted the importance of temperature as the limiting factor of aromatisation efficiency (AE) in mussels. After testing range of temperatures (4–23 °C), the highest AE was found during incubation at 8 °C and pH 7.6 (41.66 pmol/h/mg protein in gills and 58.37 pmol/h/mg protein in gonads). The results were confirmed during field studies where the most efficient aromatisation occurred in bivalves collected in spring while the least effective in those collected in winter. During in vitro studies, AE turned out to be more intensive in female gonads than in male gonads. The process was also more intensive in mitochondrial fraction than in microsomal one (62.97 pmol/h/mg protein in male gills and 73.94 pmol/h/mg protein in female gonads). Enzymatic complex (aromatase-like enzyme) catalysing aromatisation in mussels was found to be insensitive to inhibitory effect of selective inhibitors of mammalian aromatase such as letrozole and anastrazole, suggesting its different structure from vertebrate aromatase. Further in vivo studies using 13C-labeled steroids at 8 °C temperature window confirmed that bivalves are able to uptake testosterone and androstenedione from the ambient environment and metabolise them to estrone and 17β-estradiol thus confirming endogenous estrogen’ synthesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalveMytilus trossulus

Hallmann

Konieczna

Świeżak

et al. 2019

PeerJ

Self Cite

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“…Fish and other organisms downstream from WWTPs are chronically exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that may cause inappropriate sexual differentiation or development (Guillette et al 1995 ; McLachlan 2001 ; Vajda et al 2008 ). In addition to fish species, studies also reported the presence and uptake of EDCs in other aquatic species such as mollusks (Fernandes et al 2011 ; Giusti and Joaquim-Justo 2013 ; Janer and Porte 2007 ; Scott 2012 ), mussels (Fernandes et al 2010 ; Hallmann et al 2016 ; Peck et al 2007 ; Schwarz et al 2017 ), algae (Bai and Acharya 2016 ; Bai and Acharya 2017 ; Maes et al 2014 ; Zhang et al 2014 ), and duckweed (Shi et al 2010 ). Therefore, research activities attempt to identify the contaminants that can biomagnify in food chains and accumulate at harmful concentrations in higher trophic level organisms, including human beings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake of endocrine-disrupting chemicals by quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) in an urban-impacted aquatic ecosystem

Bai

Acharya

2018

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Untreated organic contaminants in municipal wastewater, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), have become a significant issue in aquatic ecosystems, particularly in freshwater bodies that receive wastewater discharge. This has raised concerns about the accumulation of EDCs in aquatic species via continuous exposure. This study evaluated the uptake of EDCs by quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis), an invasive species in a water supply reservoir. The field sampling results showed that steroid hormones were not detected in the water samples, and only pharmaceuticals and personal care products were present (0.49 to 36 ng/L). Additionally, testosterone was the most abundant steroid in the mussel tissue (6.3 to 20 ng/g dry weight), and other synthetic chemicals (i.e., bisphenol A, triclosan, and salicylic acid) were also detected in the mussel tissue (24 to 47 ng/g dry weight). After being exposed to exogenous EDCs for 7, 21, and 42 days under controlled laboratory conditions, testosterone was not detected in the mussel anymore, but bisphenol A, triclosan, and salicylic acid were found at relatively high levels in the mussel tissue, although the concentrations did not increase over time. Overall, the study demonstrated the uptake of EDCs in quagga mussels, which suggests that this species can be used to reflect water quality deterioration in aquatic ecosystems.

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“…According to our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study fully documenting the occurrence of aromatization process taking place in bivalve tissues. In our previous studies (Hallmann et al, 2016;Smolarz et al, 2018) testosterone level in M. trossulus ranged from to ng/g of wet weight, depending on the season and tissue type. These values correspond well with the levels of T-13 C 3 intercepted by mussels in the in vivo experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In spite of that, an association between gametogenesis stage and steroid content was reported with maximal steroids concentration often observed during reproduction peak and minimal concentration during low stage of gametogenesis (Jianbin, 2013;Wang & Croll, 2007;Liu, Li & Kong, 2008;Ciocan et al, 2010;Morthorst et al, 2014;Hallmann et al, 2016). In M. trossulus from the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea, Poland), seasonal differences in E2 and T concentrations in gonads and gills were also found, but no direct relation between steroids level and stage of gonad development was confirmed (Zabrzańska et al, 2015;Hallmann et al, 2016;Smolarz et al, 2018). Instead, a strong correlation between water temperature and steroids level was observed (Smolarz et al, 2018) suggesting temperature as an important factor influencing tissue steroids content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus (v0.1)"

Minier¹

2019

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In this study, we demonstrated the presence of the enzymatic complex able to perform aromatization (estrogen synthesis) in both, the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of gills and gonads from Mytilus trossulus. Based on in vitro experiments, we highlighted the importance of temperature as the limiting factor of aromatisation efficiency (AE) in mussels. After testing range of temperatures (4°C-23°C), the highest AE was found during incubation at 8°C and pH 7.6 (41.66 pmol/h/mg protein in gills and 58.37 pmol/h/mg protein in gonads). The results were confirmed during field studies where the most efficient aromatisation occurred in bivalves collected in spring while the least effective in those collected in winter. During in vitro studies, AE turned out to be more intensive in female gonads than in male gonads. The process was also more intensive in mitochondrial fraction than in microsomal one (62.97 pmol/h/mg protein in male gills and 73.94 pmol/h/mg protein in female gonads). Enzymatic complex (aromatase-like enzyme) catalysing aromatisation in mussels was found to be insensitive to inhibitory effect of selective inhibitors of mammalian aromatase such as letrozole and anastrazole, suggesting its different structure from vertebrate aromatase. Further in vivo studies using 13 C-labelled steroids at 8°C temperature window confirmed that bivalves are able to uptake testosterone and androstenedione from the ambient environment and metabolise them to estrone and 17β-estradiol thus confirming endogenous estrogen' synthesis.

show abstract

LC–MS measurment of free steroids in mussels ( Mytilus trossulus) from the southern Baltic Sea

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalveMytilus trossulus

Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalveMytilus trossulus

Uptake of endocrine-disrupting chemicals by quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) in an urban-impacted aquatic ecosystem

Peer Review #2 of "Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus (v0.1)"

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