Layered Metal Nanoparticle Structures on Electrodes for Sensing, Switchable Controlled Uptake/Release, and Photo‐electrochemical Applications

Abstract

Layered metal nanoparticle (NP) assemblies provide highly porous and conductive composites of unique electrical and optical (plasmonic) properties. Two methods to construct layered metal NP matrices are described, and these include the layer-by-layer deposition of NPs, or the electropolymerization of monolayer-functionalized NPs, specifically thioaniline-modified metal NPs. The layered NP composites are used as sensing matrices through the use of electrochemistry or surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as transduction signals. The crosslinking of the metal NP composites with molecular receptors, or the imprinting of molecular recognition sites into the electropolymerized NP matrices lead to selective and chiroselective sensing interfaces. Furthermore, the electrosynthesis of redox-active, imprinted, bis-aniline bridged Au NP composites yields electrochemically triggered "sponges" for the switchable uptake and release of electron-acceptor substrates, and results in conductive surfaces of electrochemically controlled wettability. Also, photosensitizer-relay-crosslinked Au NP composites, or electrochemically polymerized layered semiconductor quantum dot/metal NP matrices on electrodes, are demonstrated as functional nanostructures for photoelectrochemical applications.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Biofuel From Cocklebur sp., Using Zinc Oxide Nano-Particle: A Novel Energy Crop for Bioenergy Industry

“…ZnO nano-particle was characterized by TEM and the micrograph images ( Figures 2a–c ), presented a rectangular boxes at various magnifications. The size of box lies under the range of 50−60 nm ( del Río et al, 2016 ; Mesch et al, 2016 ; Tel-Vered et al, 2016 ). The surface valance states of elements present in ZnO nano boxes sample was investigated by XPS machine as shown in Figures 2d,e .…”

“…These days, nano-particles have been gained more entrust in the research field since last time due to its applications medicine industry, bio-imaging sector, sensors equipment’s etc. ( Mitsudome et al, 2008 ; del Río et al, 2016 ; Kravets et al, 2016 ; Mesch et al, 2016 ; Silva et al, 2016 ; Tel-Vered et al, 2016 ). The maximum surface area of nano-particles with optimum energy define the catalytic application, whereas, some have been reported as the unique catalysts for a known chemical reactions like nucleation of CNTs, CO oxidation, dehydrogenation and many more ( Ma and Hanna, 1999 ; Demirbas, 2006 ; Veljković et al, 2006 ; Ahmad et al, 2011 ).…”

Functional Nanomaterials on 2D Surfaces and in 3D Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

“…SAMs are very appropriate interface layer for biosensors, as they allow various surface modifications through varying the chain length and functional groups on monolayers . Further, patterning NMs onto 2D substrates allows for superior electrical, magnetic, and optical, properties, making this technique highly interesting for generating, electronic‐, magnetic‐, and optical‐based biosensing devices.…”

Photoelectrochemical detection of metal ions

“…For analytical and bioanalytical applications, PEC detection has been exploited for the specific and sensitive detection of manifold biochemical species of clinical and environmental significance, especially DNA analysis, immunoassay, enzymatic sensing and metal ion detection. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Compared to conventional electrochemical detection, PEC detection of metal ions shares its advantages but permits more sensitive detection and hence has rapidly become a hot topic in analytical chemistry. Fig.…”