Layered Intercalation Materials

Abstract

2D layered materials typically feature strong in‐plane covalent chemical bonding within each atomic layer and weak out‐of‐plane van der Waals (vdW) interactions between adjacent layers. The non‐bonding nature between neighboring layers naturally results in a vdW gap, in which various foreign species may be inserted without breaking the in‐plane covalent bonds. By tailoring the composition, size, structure, and electronic properties of the intercalated guest species and the hosting layered materials, an expansive family of layered intercalation materials may be produced with highly variable compositional and structural features as well as widely tunable physical/chemical properties, invoking unprecedented opportunities in fundamental studies of property modulation and potential applications in diverse technologies, including electronics, optics, superconductors, thermoelectrics, catalysis, and energy storage. Here, the principles and protocols for various intercalation methods, including wet chemical intercalation, gas‐phase intercalation, electrochemical intercalation, and ion‐exchange intercalation, are comprehensively reviewed and how the intercalated species alter the crystal structure and the interlayer coupling of the host 2D layered materials, introducing unusual physical and chemical properties and enabling devices with superior performance or unique functions, is discussed. To conclude, a brief summary on future research opportunities and emerging challenges in the layered intercalation materials is given.

Inducing and tuning Kondo screening in a narrow-electronic-band system

“…Upon the intercalation of the Pb atoms, there is charge transfer between the intercalated Pb atoms and the host 1 T -TaS 2 layer (Supplementary Fig. S11 ) 29 , 30 . Giving the picture of local magnetic moment formation in the topmost 1 T -TaS 2 layer, the more itinerant electrons from the Pb intercalation underneath the top layer couple to the Mott-localized electron in the topmost 1 T -TaS 2 layer.…”

Polymorphic Phases of Metal Chlorides in the Confined 2D Space of Bilayer Graphene

“…The elucidation of charge-related transformations of structures is crucial in the context of various energy-storage-related applications and the further development of electronic devices. [38,45,[53][54][55][56][57][58]…”

Recent Advance and Modification Strategies of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) in Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

“…The non-bonded characteristics of 2D layered materials with unique vdW gaps between adjacent atomic layers allows the insertion of atoms, ions, and molecules without breaking covalent bonds through a chemical intercalation process, thus changing the physical and chemical properties of the material [ 58 ]. TMDs are generally composed of 2D single-molecule layers combined with van der Waals forces and weak chemical bonds stacked along the direction perpendicular to the layers, a structure that has a larger specific surface area and is also conducive to the insertion of small intercalators, such as ions and molecules.…”