Layer-dependent frictional properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets

Pendyala, Prashant; Lee, Juyun; Kim, Seon Joon; Yoon, Eui-Sung

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154402

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Therefore, the thinner water layer expected to form on the surface of few-layer MXene exposed to the ambient reduces the sliding resistance and, in turn, the friction force compared to single-layer MXene (Kozak et al, 2022). More recent AFM studies (Pendyala et al, 2022) of fewlayer Ti 3 C 2 T x also demonstrated a decrease in friction force with increasing number of layers from one to three layers (Figure 7B). The increase of the layer number decreases the elastic compliance, thereby decreasing the susceptibility of the thin MXene sheets to the out-of-plane deformation contributing to the increase of the friction force; however, another study (Serles et al, 2022) showed no correlation between the friction force of Ti 3 C 2 T x layers and the layer number (Figure 7C).…”

Section: Frontiers In Mechanical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…(A) AFM topographic (i) and friction map (ii) images of few-layer Ti 3 C 2 T x deposited on SiO 2 /Si substrates(Kozak et al, 2022). (B) Thickness-dependent friction forces of few-layer Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes for different loads(Pendyala et al, 2022). (C) Load-dependent friction force of few-layer Ti 3 C 2 T x (1 -4 layers) measured with a sharp diamond AFM tip(Serles et al, 2022).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nanoscale friction characteristics of layered-structure materials in dry and wet environments

2022

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Bulk layered materials, such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide, have long been used as solid lubricants in various industrial applications. The weak interlayer van der Waals interactions in these materials generate a low shear slip-plane, which reduces the interfacial friction. The cumulative trends toward device miniaturization have increased the need for basic knowledge of the nanoscale friction of contact-mode devices containing layered materials. Further, the decomposition and degradation of bulk layered solids subjected to shear forces are detrimental to their lubricating characteristics. Layered-structure materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and MXenes consisting of single or few atomic layers, behave as a new class of lubricious substances when deposited at a sliding interface. The exceptional mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, electronic properties, large theoretical specific area, and chemical inertness of these materials make them ideal antifriction materials for continuous sliding interfaces, especially when operated at elevated temperatures. These properties hold great promise for widespread applications both in dry environments, such as solid film lubrication for micro/nano-electromechanical systems, nanocomposite materials, space lubrication, and optical devices, as well as in wet environments, such as desalination membranes, lubricant additives, and nanofluidic transporters. However, accurate and reliable prediction of the frictional behavior of layered-structure materials is challenging due to the complex physicochemical transformations encountered under tribostress. The presence of a liquid in the vicinity of a surface in wet-environment applications further complicates the lubrication behavior of layered-structure materials. Furthermore, insight into the origins of interfacial friction and adhesion due to localized contact interactions can be accomplished by atomic-level experimental techniques and computational methods, such as atomic force microscope (AFM) in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT). The AFM setup mimics asperity-asperity contact at the atomic level and can measure the friction force of layered-structure materials, whereas MD and DFT can provide insight into the chemomechanical transformations commencing at hidden interfaces, which cannot be detected by experimental methods. The objective of this review article is threefold. First, the relationship between friction and potential energy surface is examined for different layered-structure material systems, and the parameters that mainly affect the energy corrugation are interpreted in the context of reported results. Second, the atomic-scale friction mechanisms of layered-structure materials in dry or vacuum environments are discussed in light of experimental and theoretical findings, focusing on the most crucial frictional energy dissipation mechanisms. Third, the complex mechanisms affecting the nanosccale friction of layered-structure materials incorporated in liquid media are introduced for ionic, polar, and non-polar solutions.

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Section: Frontiers In Mechanical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

Nanoscale friction characteristics of layered-structure materials in dry and wet environments

2022

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“…20,21 These simulation results have motivated researchers to investigate the friction and wear properties of monolayer and multilayer MXene materials. 22 However, the lubricating mechanism and lifetime of MXenes are still being explored under different friction conditions. Chen et al fabricated Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets using an alternative pressureassisted approach and determined their tribological performances as an additive in water-based lubricants.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The element represented by X in the formula can be either carbon or nitrogen, and T x refers to surface functionalities such as −O, −F, and −OH. MXenes are synthesized by removing the A group layer from a ternary phase known as M n +1 AX n , where A denotes elements from IIIA or IVA groups in the periodic table. , On account of their unique chemical and physical properties, MXenes have found wide applications in various fields such as energy storage, catalysis, adsorption, water purification, and shielding. − Moreover, the tribology community has shown increasing interest in MXenes and MXenes-based composites due to their low shear strength, enhanced intra- and interlayer bonding, and ability to form advantageous tribolayers. − Through numerical studies involving density functional theory (DFT) calculations as well as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, researchers have provided an explanation for the low interlayer friction observed in Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets, suggesting the potential of these materials as an efficient lubricant. , These simulation results have motivated researchers to investigate the friction and wear properties of monolayer and multilayer MXene materials . However, the lubricating mechanism and lifetime of MXenes are still being explored under different friction conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dots@Ti₃C₂T_x-MXene 0D/2D Hybrid Composites toward High-Performance Lubricating Additives under Varying Temperatures

Wang,

Kan,

Yan

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Progress in nanolubricant additive is crucial to pursuit of energy saving and sustainable development. For enhancing lubrication efficiency of pentaerythritol ester (PETE) oil, we synthesized zerodimensional/two-dimensional (0D/2D) carbon dots(CD)@Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene hybrid composites using a facial hydrothermal method, which gave full play to interlayer shear mechanism of Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene, repair effect of carbon dots and their potential synergy. The composites were added to PETE as lubricating additives, during which ultrasonic treatment was employed to enhance the dispersion stability. The frictional tests confirmed that the addition of CD@Ti 3 C 2 T x resulted in significant reductions in friction and wear across varying temperatures owing to the ultrasmall size, interlayer sliding, and synergistic effect. The optimal concentration of 0.1 wt % of CD@Ti 3 C 2 T x reduced friction coefficients and wear volumes of PETE by 54.5% and 57.6% at 25 °C, 53.3% and 54.3% at 100 °C, and 40.0% and 45.9% at 200 °C, respectively. A tribofilm induced by complex tribochemical reactions, mainly consisting of carbon dots, Ti 3 C 2 T x , metal oxides, carbides, and nitrides, was generated at the contact interface, which significantly alleviated direct contact between the rubbing pair. This study explores the potential of CD@Ti 3 C 2 T x for development of advanced lubricating materials and is expected to contribute to wider adoption of MXene-based materials in the field of tribology.

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MXene Lubricated Tribovoltaic Nanogenerator with High Current Output and Long Lifetime

Qiao,

Zhou,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Nano-Micro Lett.

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Tribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNGs) have the characteristics of high current density, low matched impedance and continuous output, which is expected to solve the problem of power supply for small electronic devices. However, wear occurrence in friction interface will seriously reduce the performance of TVNGs as well as lifetime. Here, we employ MXene solution as lubricate to improve output current density and lifetime of TVNG simultaneously, where a high value of 754 mA m−2 accompanied with a record durability of 90,000 cycles were achieved. By comparing multiple liquid lubricates with different polarity, we show that conductive polar liquid with MXene as additive plays a crucial role in enhancing the electrical output performance and durability of TVNG. Moreover, the universality of MXene solution is well demonstrated in various TVNGs with Cu and P-type Si, and Cu and N-GaAs as material pairs. This work may guide and accelerates the practical application of TVNG in future.

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Layer-dependent frictional properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets

Cited by 13 publications

References 63 publications

Nanoscale friction characteristics of layered-structure materials in dry and wet environments

Nanoscale friction characteristics of layered-structure materials in dry and wet environments

Carbon Dots@Ti₃C₂T_x-MXene 0D/2D Hybrid Composites toward High-Performance Lubricating Additives under Varying Temperatures

MXene Lubricated Tribovoltaic Nanogenerator with High Current Output and Long Lifetime

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Layer-dependent frictional properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets

Cited by 13 publications

References 63 publications

Nanoscale friction characteristics of layered-structure materials in dry and wet environments

Nanoscale friction characteristics of layered-structure materials in dry and wet environments

Carbon Dots@Ti3C2Tx-MXene 0D/2D Hybrid Composites toward High-Performance Lubricating Additives under Varying Temperatures

MXene Lubricated Tribovoltaic Nanogenerator with High Current Output and Long Lifetime

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Carbon Dots@Ti₃C₂T_x-MXene 0D/2D Hybrid Composites toward High-Performance Lubricating Additives under Varying Temperatures