Layer-by-layer nanofiber-enabled engineering of biomimetic periosteum for bone repair and reconstruction

Abstract

Periosteum plays an indispensable role in bone repair and reconstruction. To recapitulate the remarkable regenerative capacity of periosteum, a biomimetic tissue-engineered periosteum (TEP) was constructed via layer-by-layer bottom-up strategy utilizing polycaprolactone (PCL), collagen, and nano-hydroxyapatite composite nanofiber sheets seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). When combined with a structural bone allograft to repair a 4 mm segmental bone defect created in the mouse femur, TEP restored donor-site periosteal bone formation, reversing the poor biomechanics of bone allograft healing at 6 weeks post-implantation. Further histologic analyses showed that TEP recapitulated the entire periosteal bone repair process, as evidenced by donor-dependent formation of bone and cartilage, induction of distinct CD31 type H endothelium, reconstitution of bone marrow and remodeling of bone allografts. Compared to nanofiber sheets without BMSC seeding, TEP eliminated the fibrotic tissue capsule elicited by nanofiber sheets, leading to a marked improvement of osseointegration at the compromised periosteal site. Taken together, our study demonstrated a novel layer-by-layer engineering platform for construction of a versatile biomimetic periosteum, enabling further assembly of a multi-component and multifunctional periosteum replacement for bone defect repair and reconstruction.

Electrospun Nanofibers for Improved Angiogenesis: Promises for Tissue Engineering Applications

“…Some studies also revealed the applicability of BM-MSCs-and AD-MSCs-loaded nanofibrous scaffolds in promoting angiogenesis [206][207][208][209]. With the rise of novel cell technologies, such as the methods to manipulate induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), researchers are currently able to generate iPSC-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) as a promising source of ECs for therapeutic angiogenesis [210][211][212].…”

Biocompatible Crosslinked Nanofibers of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Carboxymethyl‐Kappa‐Carrageenan Produced by a Green Process

“…[ 11,23,24 ] Natural polymers are attractive materials for biomedical applications, as they inherently present chemistries similar to the ECM, and they may have the capability to increase cell migration and proliferation. [ 4,22,25,26 ]…”

Black phosphorus-based 2D materials for bone therapy

“…In recent years, with the rapid development of tissue engineering technology, artificial bone replacement materials have become the main research and development direction of reconstructing the defect bone morphology and function, and have made a lot of achievements [ 105 , 106 ]. Compared with "gold standard" autogenous bone, the advantages of artificial bone replacement materials mainly include the unlimited amount of synthesis [ 107 ], the ability to act as drug delivery carrier [ 108 ], and the ease of functional modification [ 109 ]. Thus, giving the materials new functions such as vascularization [ 110 ], bone targeted recognition [ 111 ], and recruitment of stem cells [ 112 ], are more conducive than the physiological repair of defects.…”