Laughter in young children.

Rothbart, Mary K.

doi:10.1037/h0034846

Cited by 142 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As discussed elsewhere [58], the stereotyped vocal pattern of human laughter that first appears in rudimentary form at 2-3 months of age [80,92] suggests an ancient heritage. Of course, the subtleties of human adult laughter, so abundantly expressed during the cognitive delights of humor, may highlight how certain ancient emotional processes interact with refined cognitions within higher reaches of the brain -mind [25].…”

Section: On the Nature Of Human Laughtermentioning

confidence: 93%

“…50-kHz chirping is evoked most robustly by the positive social interchange of rough-and-tumble play, and even more so by human tickling Sustained bouts of human laughter are evident in children during tickling and rough-and-tumble play, especially when they are chasing each other [80,90]. A similar type of vocal activity (chirping at about a frequency of 50 kHz, which humans cannot hear without special equipment, of course) is also evident when young rats play [38].…”

Section: The Weight Of Evidence For Rat ''Laughter''mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During infancy and early childhood, the most abundant laughter occurs in the midst of self-movements during rough-and-tumble play and as a result of friendly tickling by others [80,92]. The response conditions so rapidly that after only a few tickles; one can evoke laughter simply through hand and verbal gestures that imply threats of tickling (e.g., ''coochi-coochi-coo'').…”

Section: Laughter In Infancy and Adulthood: From Tickling To Humor?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Laughing” rats and the evolutionary antecedents of human joy?

Panksepp

Burgdorf

2003

Physiology & Behavior

402

251

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Section: On the Nature Of Human Laughtermentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: The Weight Of Evidence For Rat ''Laughter''mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laughter In Infancy and Adulthood: From Tickling To Humor?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Laughing” rats and the evolutionary antecedents of human joy?

Panksepp

Burgdorf

2003

Physiology & Behavior

402

251

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“…relief (see Rothbart, 1973), tactile pleasure when linked to tickling and thus higher arousal (e.g., Harris & Alvarado, 2005), and schadenfreude (e.g., Szameitat et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in gelotophobia and responses to laughter-eliciting emotions

Ruch

Hofmann

Platt

2015

Personality and Individual Differences

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Gelotophobes (individuals with a fear of being laughed at) have even been found to express less joy and more contempt towards joyfully smiling/laughing faces compared to non-gelotophobes. However, it is unclear whether the lower levels of joy and higher levels of contempt are related to joy per se or only to those elements of joy associated with laughter. Thus, this study investigated the verbal and facial responses of 20 gelotophobes and 20 non-gelotophobes towards videos of people recalling memories of laughter-eliciting positive emotions (amusement, relief, schadenfreude, tactile pleasure). The facial expressions of the participants were clandestinely filmed and evaluated by the Facial Action Coding System (FACS; Ekman, Friesen, Hager, 2002). Smiles of enjoyment and "markers of contempt" were coded and verbal ratings of the participants obtained. Gelotophobes responded with less joyful smiles and with more expressions of contempt to laughter-eliciting emotions than did non-gelotophobes. Gelotophobes also rated the degree of joy expressed by participants in the video clips of tactile pleasure and relief lower than non-gelotophobes. No differences occurred in ratings of aversiveness. The results suggest that gelotophobes have a negative bias towards laughter-eliciting situations stemming from different positive elicitors. Abstract Gelotophobes (individuals with a fear of being laughed at) have even been found to express less joy and more contempt towards joyfully smiling/laughing faces compared to nongelotophobes. However, it is unclear whether the lower levels of joy and higher levels of contempt are related to joy per se or only to those elements of joy associated with laughter.

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“…(See Sroufe & Wunsch, 1972;Rothbart, 1973;Emde, Gaensbauer, & a Expressions related to the same emotion experience or subjective feeling are grouped together. Some investigators, however, consider the endogenous smile a special case unrelated to the smile of joy.…”

Section: Research Relating To Expression Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion Expressions and Personality Integration in Infancy

Izard

Buechler

1979

Emotions in Personality and Psychopathology

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In this chapter, Dr. Buechler and I suggest some new ways of thinking about emotions in infancy. The concept of emotional development is considered too broad to treat as a single topic. The chapter discusses four developmental processes relating to the emotions and to infant development and infant wellbeing. The expressions of the emotions in infancy are seen as critical in personality integration and the development of infant-parent and other social relationships. The question of the predictive value of emotion response patterns in infancy is placed in perspective, in part by considering the value of studying emotions in infancy apart from the issue of continuity of infant emotion traits. 15Most people agree that emotions play an important role in human development. Many would also agree on a number of other general statements about relationships between emotions, creative activities, conflict, and coping processes. Agreement would be more difficult to obtain, however, when we begin to make more specific statements about how emotions influence other areas of development. Even more controversy would be generated by statements about how emotions in infancy relate to personality and social behavior in later life.Regarding this latter issue, we want to emphasize our belief that prediction of later development is by no means the only justification for studying emotions in infancy. Scientifically, emotions and processes of personality integration in infancy are of interest in their own right. Practically, increased understanding of emotions in infancy should facilitate the nurturance of emotionally, socially, and physically healthy infants, and it is desirable to foster well-being at all ages.We believe that the search for continuities and discontinuities in infancy is very important. We believe that stable individual differences exist, and that those that will be predictive of adaptive and maladaptive personality development will be found in the emotion domain, including emotion-cognition and emotion-behavior relationships. Investigation of these phenomena involves study of infant-environment interactions, a need emphasized by Emde and Robinson (1976). The emotions themselves have a social (expressive, environment-directed, or communicative) aspect and emotion-cognition/behavior

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Laughter in young children.

Cited by 142 publications

References 27 publications

“Laughing” rats and the evolutionary antecedents of human joy?

“Laughing” rats and the evolutionary antecedents of human joy?

Individual differences in gelotophobia and responses to laughter-eliciting emotions

Emotion Expressions and Personality Integration in Infancy

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