We used Raman light scattering to study the current-stabilized nonequilibrium semimetallic and metallic phases in Ca2RuO4. By determining the local temperature through careful analysis of the Stokes and anti-Stokes intensities, we find that Joule heating can be completely avoided by supplying sufficient cooling power in a helium-flow cryostat, and that the current induces the semimetallic state without inducing any significant heating. We further investigate the current-induced semimetallic state as a function of temperature and current. We confirm the absence of long-range antiferromagnetic order and identify a substantial Fano broadening of several phonons, which suggests coupling to charge and orbital fluctuations. Our results demonstrate that the semimetallic state is a genuine effect of the applied electrical current and that the current-induced phases have characteristics distinct from the equilibrium ones.Controlling and stabilizing electronic phases in correlated-electron materials are pivotal objectives of modern solid-state science 1,2 . In this context, compounds with 4d valence electrons have attracted a lot of attention as a plethora of ground states can be observed 3 . In particular, the fine balance between electron correlations, spin-orbit coupling and structural distortions in 4d metal oxides manifests itself as a high susceptibility to external perturbations. One prominent example is the layered perovskite system (Ca 1−x Sr x ) 2 RuO 4 whose end members, Ca 2 RuO 4 and Sr 2 RuO 4 , are a Mott insulator and an unconventional superconductor, respectively 4,5 .Ca 2 RuO 4 shows a temperature-driven insulator-tometal transition (IMT) at T IMT = 357 K 6-8 . The concomitant structural phase transition preserves the lattice symmetry (space group Pbca), but yields elongated RuO 6 octahedra with a reduced tilt and an enlarged c lattice parameter in the high-temperature metallic state. The insulating and metallic phases are therefore named "S"-Pbca and "L"-Pbca phase, respectively, where S and L refer to short and long c axes. In addition to temperature, other parameters, such as Sr substitution 5 , epitaxial strain 9 and hydrostatic pressure 10 , can turn Ca 2 RuO 4 metallic.The key role of octahedral rotation, compression and tilts is further exemplified in the magnetic state of Ca 2 RuO 4 , which sets in at T N = 110 K and is characterized by an A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering 6 . Several theoretical 11-13 and experimental 14,15 studies point towards an unconventional mechanism for magnetic ordering in Ca 2 RuO 4 , resulting from the condensation of spin-orbit excitons. The "excitonic magnetism" model further predicts that Ca 2 RuO 4 lies close to a quantum critical point separating antiferromagnetic and spin-orbit singlet states, which was confirmed by the experimental observation of a soft longitudinal amplitude mode of the spin-orbit condensate.Recent research has revealed new perspectives for insitu control of nonequilibrium phases in Ca 2 RuO 4 by electrical currents. In their pioneering wo...