Lattice design and 3D-printing of PEEK with Ca10(OH)(PO4)3 and in-vitro bio-composite for bone implant

Abstract

The addition of biomaterials such as Calcium hydroxyapatite (cHAp) and incorporation of porosity into polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) are effective ways to improve bone-implant interfaces and osseointegration of PEEK composite. Hence, the morphological effects of nanocomposite on surfaces biocompatibility of a newly fabricated composite of PEEK polymer and cHAp for a bone implant, using additive manufacturing (AM) were investigated.Fused deposition modeling (FDM) method and a surface treatment strategy were employed to create a microporous scaffold. PEEK osteointegration was slow and, therefore, it was accelerated by surface coatings with the incorporation of bioactive cHAp, with enhanced mechanical and biological behaviors for bone implants.Characterization of the new PEEK/cHAp composite was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical tests of traction and flexion, thermal dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Also, the PEEK/cHAp induced the formation of apatite after immersion in the simulated body fluid of DMEM for different days to check its biological bioactivity for an implant. In-vivo results depicted that the osseointegration and the biological activity around the PEEK/cHAp composite were higher than that of PEEK. The increase in the mechanical performance of cHAp-coated PEEK can be attributed to the increase in the degree of crystallinity and accumulation of residual polymer.

Cenospheres-Reinforced PA-12 Composite: Preparation, Physicochemical Properties, and Soaking Tests

“…This bonding can be realized mechanically by obtaining the maximum filler surface development or by chemical modification [15]. The bonding between a CF and polymer matrix can occur via different mechanisms [21,22]: (1) the short-range physical effects of van der Waals forces or (2) the covalent and ionic chemical bonds. Chemical methods that find applications for surface modification include sol-gel methods, layered double hydroxide (LDH), and chemical etching [15,23,24].…”

Review on 3D printing: Fight against COVID-19

“…It has been well integrated into the medicine and pharmaceuticals for organ/tissue bio-printing and drug delivery, respectively [ 104 , 105 ]. This is attributed to its capability to provide patient-specific design, on-demand, cost-effective printing, high productivity, and complexity, to mention but a few [ 106 ]. Presently, AM/3D printing technology has been effectively used to print various PPE to combat the invisible killer (COVID-19).…”

“…Presently, AM/3D printing technology has been effectively used to print various PPE to combat the invisible killer (COVID-19). The conceptual design stage of PPE, creation of low-price and customized precise anatomic prostheses (such as lower limbs, hands and arms) and orthoses (foot, ankle-foot and wrist splints) [ 106 ], among other artificial body parts utilized in various medical applications. The use of those above 3D-printed medical safety devices/PPE, patient-specific prostheses, and orthoses required careful ethical considerations and approval by the authorized medical/health organizations.…”

Fucoidan (Undaria pinnatifida)/Polydopamine Composite-Modified Surface Promotes Osteogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

“…A variety of biomaterials, such as ceramics, polymers, and nanomaterials, are used to modify the surface properties of bone tissue-implantable devices [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. An ideal coating substrate for implantable material must be both biocompatible and implantable and support the recruitment, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of cells both in vitro and in vivo.…”