Latrine Utilization and Associated Factors Among Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene (CLTSH) Implemented Kebeles in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: In developing countries, open defecation is still a major health issue. While there has been a great deal of empirical research on latrine coverage. But little is known about household latrine utilization behavior. The objective of this study was to assess latrine utilization and associated factors among Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene (CLTSH) implemented kebeles in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 585 randomly selected households in Gurage Zone’s rural Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene (CLTSH) implemented kebeles. The data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed in SPSS version 20. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with latrine utilization, and a P-value < .05 was used to declare significance. Results: In this study, 65.8% of households used latrines [95% CI: 61.8%-69.8%]. The odds of using a latrine were higher in households with less than 5 family members [AOR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.33-4.84], in households with no vegetation around their latrines [AOR = 4.56, 95% CI: 2.27-9.18], households with clean latrines [AOR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.17-4.12], households with latrines located <6 m from the dwellers [AOR = 5.94, 95% CI: 3.13-1.27], households with latrines located 6 to 10 m from the dwellers [AOR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.93-8.03], households head not attending formal education [AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.13-0.44], households without school children [AOR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08-0.28], households owned latrine for less than 1 year’s [AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.12-0.49], Households owned latrine for 1 to 3 year’s [AOR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.25-0.64], and latrine that does not require maintenance 1.94 [AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.04-3.61], were significantly associated with latrine utilization. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that open field defecation is still practiced by households in CLTSH implemented kebeles. Therefore, to improve latrine utilization, community awareness must be raised through regular training on proper latrine construction, latrine usage, and sanitation and hygiene practices.

Latrine Utilization and Associated Factors Among Rural Households in Southwest Ethiopia: Risk, Attitude, Norms, Ability, and Self-Regulation Behavioral Model

“…The magnitude of latrine utilization in the study area (67.1%) was consistent with the study done in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia (65.8%) and Sebeta district, Oromia, Ethiopia (68%). 23 , 26 But it was higher than the study done in Takusa district, Northwest, Ethiopia (41.9%), East Gojjam zone (45.4%), and the study done at Tullo district, Eastern Ethiopia (56.1%). 27 , 28 Reason might be different in operational definition of the outcome variable, difference in the study period and study design.…”

Latrine Utilization and its Associated Factors in Urban Slums Dwellers of Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

“…39 Latrine utilization: The use of the latrine by all the family members (above 5 years) in the households, that own private latrines. 40 Proper latrine utilization: Households that have functional latrines, children's feces being safely disposed of, no visible feces in the compound, and show at least one sign of use (the footpath to the toilet is not grass-covered, the latrine is stinky, there is anal cleansing material, there is fresh feces in the sitting hole, and there is a moist slab). 34,37,40,41 Improper latrine utilization: A household with a latrine did not fulfill the criteria of proper latrine utilization.…”

“…40 Proper latrine utilization: Households that have functional latrines, children's feces being safely disposed of, no visible feces in the compound, and show at least one sign of use (the footpath to the toilet is not grass-covered, the latrine is stinky, there is anal cleansing material, there is fresh feces in the sitting hole, and there is a moist slab). 34,37,40,41 Improper latrine utilization: A household with a latrine did not fulfill the criteria of proper latrine utilization. 40 Functional latrine: A latrine that is physically benign to use; the hole isn't full of trash; it provides privacy and shelter; it has adequate ventilation and lighting; and it provides services at the time of data collection even if the latrine requires maintenance.…”

“…34,37,40,41 Improper latrine utilization: A household with a latrine did not fulfill the criteria of proper latrine utilization. 40 Functional latrine: A latrine that is physically benign to use; the hole isn't full of trash; it provides privacy and shelter; it has adequate ventilation and lighting; and it provides services at the time of data collection even if the latrine requires maintenance. 37,42 Dirty latrine: A latrine that has visible feces and/or urine on the floor around the latrine and a latrine that was not brushed or cleaned at the time of data collection.…”

Sanitation and Hygiene Implementation Training to Minimize The Spread of Covid 19 in Family and Consumer Science Students

“…From the receipt of raw materials until the final consumption of food by consumers, various steps are applied to food. To ensure the safety of the food served, all food service personnel must receive effective and ongoing training in food safety and cleanliness [34].…”