Latex quantification in guayule shrub and homogenate

Cornish, Katrina; Chapman, Mary H.; Nakayama, F. S.; Vinyard, Stephen H; Whitehand, Linda C.

doi:10.1016/s0926-6690(99)00016-3

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Natural latex content in a rubber tree (Hevea) accounts for about 2 dwt% of the total rubber tree (25). In the flowering shrub guayule (Parthenium argentatum), the latex content varies from 1 to 10 dwt% in the branches depending on the harvesting seasons (26). Ficus carica (fig tree) has also been developed as an alternative to the rubber crop because it can generate a large volume of latex (4.1 dwt%) (27).…”

Section: Accumulation Of Target Bioproducts In Native Sources and Engmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of high-value bioproducts in planta can improve the economics of advanced biofuels

Yang

Baral

Simmons

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Coproduction of high-value bioproducts at biorefineries is a key factor in making biofuels more cost-competitive. One strategy for generating coproducts is to directly engineer bioenergy crops to accumulate bioproducts in planta that can be fractionated and recovered at biorefineries. Here, we develop quantitative insights into the relationship between bioproduct market value and target accumulation rates by investigating a set of industrially relevant compounds already extracted from plant sources with a wide range of market prices and applications, including <$10/kg (limonene, latex, and polyhydroxybutyrate [PHB]), $10 to $100/kg (cannabidiol), and >$100/kg (artemisinin). These compounds are used to identify a range of mass fraction thresholds required to achieve net economic benefits for biorefineries and the additional amounts needed to reach a target $2.50/gal biofuel selling price, using cellulosic ethanol production as a test case. Bioproduct market prices and recovery costs determine the accumulation threshold; we find that moderate- to high-value compounds (i.e., cannabidiol and artemisinin) offer net economic benefits at accumulation rates of just 0.01% dry weight (dwt) to 0.02 dwt%. Lower-value compounds, including limonene, latex, and PHB, require at least an order-of-magnitude greater accumulation to overcome additional extraction and recovery costs (0.3 to 1.2 dwt%). We also find that a diversified approach is critical. For example, global artemisinin demand could be met with fewer than 10 biorefineries, while global demand for latex is equivalent to nearly 180 facilities. Our results provide a roadmap for future plant metabolic engineering efforts aimed at increasing the value derived from bioenergy crops.

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Section: Accumulation Of Target Bioproducts In Native Sources and Engmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of high-value bioproducts in planta can improve the economics of advanced biofuels

Yang

Baral

Simmons

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Reagents were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). A published latex quantification method (Cornish et al, 1999) was modified for use with rubber dandelion roots as follows. Each root sample was homogenized in 0.2% NH 4 -OH (pH 10), made with distilled water, using a 37-mL blender (model MC1; Waring Laboratory Science, Torrington, CT) for samples less than 7 g fresh weight, a 110-mL blender (model MC2, Waring Laboratory Science) for samples between 7 and 15 g, and a 1.2-L blender (model CAC32; Waring Laboratory Science) for samples more than 15 g fresh weight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were ground for 45 s in the MC1 blender, 25 s in the MC2 blender, and 15 s in the CAC32 blender. These grinding times were determined from preliminary experiments using grinding time courses to determine the duration needed for complete extraction of rubber particles [as described for guayule in Cornish et al (1999)]. Latex was quantified as described previously (Bates and Cornish, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planting Density and Growth Cycle Affect Actual and Potential Latex and Rubber Yields in Taraxacum kok-saghyz

Bates¹,

Mcnulty²,

Amstutz³

et al. 2019

horts

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Rubber dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz, Rodin) is being developed as a temperate-zone source of rubber, but best agronomic practices must be determined before it can become a viable supplement to imported rubber produced from para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis, hevea) plantations located mostly in Southeast Asia. In our study, the effect of planting density and harvest time on yield was determined by transplanting 1.5-month-old greenhouse-produced plants at planting densities of 1.24, 2.47, 4.94, and 9.88 million plants/ha, randomized across four planting boxes with two densities per box (i.e., two planting areas at each density). Half of each planting area was selected randomly and hand-harvested after 6 months, and the remaining plants were hand-harvested after 1 year. Rubber yields per plant were greater after 1 year than after 6 months, but yields per unit area were similar as a result of the loss of half the plants during the severe 2013–14 Ohio winter. A maximum rubber yield of 960 kg dry rubber/ha was obtained from the 9.88 million-plants/ha planting density after 1 year, but root size was significantly decreased compared with lower densities, and appeared too small for mechanical harvest. A planting density between 2.47 and 4.94 million plants/ha may produce the optimal combination of root size and total rubber yield. Greater rubber concentrations, faster-growing plants, short-season germplasm, and in-field weed control are required before yields obtained in outdoor planting boxes can be matched or exceeded on farms, especially in a direct-seeded rubber dandelion crop.

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“…Latex was extracted from roots as described [13,14]. Briefly, washed roots from ten plants were homogenized for 2 min in a chilled Waring laboratory blender at 20% (w/v) in ice-cold homogenization buffer containing protease inhibitors to avoid endogenous proteolysis (100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 5 mM MgSO 4 , 1% (w/v) ascorbic acid, 50 µL Antifoam 204, 5 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, and 10 mM phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF)).…”

Section: Latex Extraction From Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of AntiHevea brasiliensis Antibody Cross-Reactivity against Taraxacum kok-saghyz Latex Proteins Demonstrates Significantly Reduced Antibody Recognition

Dafoe¹,

Huang²,

Yang³

2017

J Biotechnol Biomater

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The annual plant Taraxacum kok-saghyz, commonly called Russian dandelion, has recently gained commercial attention as an alternative source to the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, for natural rubber latex. While producing rubber of equivalent quality, the potential application of TKS latex for hypoallergenic products remains to be determined. In order to quantify the allergenicity of TKS latex proteins, we compared the extent of anti-Hevea latex polyclonal and monoclonal antibody cross-reactivity toward Hevea latex proteins to that of TKS latex proteins by quantitative ELISA methods and semi-quantitative image densitometry. ELISA measurement of polyclonal antibody recognition toward TKS latex proteins was on the order of one-tenth relative to equal amounts of Hevea latex protein, while recognition by the monoclonal antibody was below 2%. Immunoblots confirmed significantly reduced polyclonal antibody recognition toward TKS latex proteins, in the same range as the cross-reactivity exhibited toward the rubber-producing plant, Lactuca sativa and Glycine max, a non-rubber-producing plant. Despite the presence of cross-reactivity, these quantitative results support TKS as an alternative source of latex that may require lessintensive processing for the reduction of antigenic proteins in the manufacture of hypoallergenic natural rubber latex products.

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Latex quantification in guayule shrub and homogenate

Cited by 44 publications

References 7 publications

Accumulation of high-value bioproducts in planta can improve the economics of advanced biofuels

Accumulation of high-value bioproducts in planta can improve the economics of advanced biofuels

Planting Density and Growth Cycle Affect Actual and Potential Latex and Rubber Yields in Taraxacum kok-saghyz

Quantitative Analysis of AntiHevea brasiliensis Antibody Cross-Reactivity against Taraxacum kok-saghyz Latex Proteins Demonstrates Significantly Reduced Antibody Recognition

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