Latest Developments in Understanding the Grain Refinement of Cast Titanium

Bermingham, Michael; McDonald, Stuart D.; Dargusch, Matthew S.; StJohn, David H.

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.315

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…In other alloy systems, it is well understood that, in addition to potent nucleant particles, effective grain refinement also requires solute to provide constitutional undercooling and restrict growth. [17][18][19][20][21] The grain-refining effectiveness of a solute can be predicted by a parameter a) known as the growth restriction factor (Q), given by Q 5 mC 0 (k À 1), where m is the liquidus gradient (from the alloy phase diagram), C 0 is the composition of the alloy in wt%, and k is the partition coefficient. The growth restriction factor was first derived by Maxwell and Hellawell 22 and was shown to have an inverse relationship with grain size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of boron on the refinement of microstructure in cast cobalt alloys

et al. 2011

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Controlling the grain size and morphology of cast cobalt-based components is important for optimizing a component's in-service properties. This work investigates the role of boron on the grain size of binary cobalt-boron alloys by application of contemporary grain refinement theory. Boron solute is found to refine the width of the columnar grains but fails to promote the columnar to equiaxed transition. The lack of equiaxed grains is attributed to the thermal solidification conditions and a lack of potent nucleant particles. The refinement of the columnar grains with boron solute may be due to a growth restriction mechanism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of boron on the refinement of microstructure in cast cobalt alloys

et al. 2011

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“…Very little work has been done on Ti alloys due to the low volume of cast Ti components. However, grain refinement has been shown to significantly refine the microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy [9] and, therefore, may be an important technology in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief History of the Grain Refinement of Cast Light Alloys

StJohn

Easton

Cao

et al. 2013

MSF

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The development of grain refinement technologies began in the 1930s in response to the need to improve the mechanical properties of as-cast components. Commercial grain refining technologies were developed by industrial and experimental trials often with good success including the production of effective master alloys. In parallel, researchers developed theories to explain the mechanisms of refinement in order to improve the efficiency of refiners and develop new better performing grain refining master alloys. This research continues today. Here we briefly present the history of these developments. It is shown that many developments in our understanding were based on assumptions arising from experimental and industrial observations and the prevailing solidification theories of the time.

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