Lateralizing Effects of Interaural Phase Differences

Elpern, Barry S.; Naunton, Ralph F.

doi:10.1121/1.1919215

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Our data obtained with pure tones agree with those reported by authors (e.g., Elpern and Naunton, 1964) who determined the interaural intensity difference required to offset a phase difference between signals. The results of this study also suggest that lateralization of high-frequency sinusoids is dependent solely on interaural intensity differences, whereas the lateralization of low-frequency tones is sensitive to interaural dispari-…”

Section: A Time-intensity Trading Functionssupporting

confidence: 94%

Time-intensity trading functions for pure tones and a high-frequency AM signal

Young

Carhart

1974

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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A 200-Hz pure tone, a 2400-Hz sinusoid, and an AM waveform, created by modulating 2400 Hz with 200 Hz, were employed in a time-intensity trading experiment. Phase delays were imposed on one of the binaural stimuli and the intracranial image was centered by decreasing the intensity of the opposite signal. The 2400-Hz tone was perceived in the midline for equal intensities of the binaural stimuli, irrespective of the interaural phase relationship. The AM waveform and the 200-Hz sinusoid required similar intensity decreases for the disparate phase conditions to achievi• a centered image. The fact that both time and intensity alterations shift the perceptual location of the AM signal and the 200-Hz sinusoid in the same way provides confirmation of a new type to the view that the envelope periodicity of a high-frequency AM waveform is maintained in the auditory system, at least to the level where lateralization occurs. A second experiment provided additional evidence on this point. Subject Classification: 65.60, 65.62, 65.54. INTRODUCTION The lateralization of low-frequency pure tones is dependent on interaural disparities in both time and intensity, whereas the lateralization of high-frequency sinusoids is sensitive only to interaural intensity differences. Stevens and Newman (1936) and Garner and Wertheimer (1951), for example, have shown that the perceived intracranial location of a low-frequency tone can be altered by introducing an interaural phase disparity as long as the frequency of the stimulus is lower than 1500 Hz. For pure tones having a frequency higher than this, the intracranial position of the tone does not shift with changes in the interaural phase relationship. Yet, unlike the case with high-frequency sinusoids, it would appear that the lateralization of high-frequency complex signals is affected by interaural time differences. David, Guttman, and Van Bergeijk (1959), Harris (1960), Yost, and Wightman and Green (1971) have shown that the lateralization of high-pass-filtered clicks can be altered by interaural time differences. These authors suggest that the periodicity of the click train could be utilized for lateralization by the auditory system. The experiments of Sakai and Inoue (1968) and Henning (1974) strongly support such a suggestion. Sakai and Inoue imposed interaural phase disparities on the envelopes of high-frequency amplitude modulated (AM) signals and had the subjects adjust the interaural intensity relationship of a 1000-Hz "pointer" until it appeared to be at the same intracranial location as the AM signal. Their results suggest that the perceived location of the AM stimulus was shifted from midline by manipulation of the interaural phase relationship of the envelope. Henning (1974) with a standard two alternative forced choice procedure measured the just-detectable interaural time delays in binaurally presented three component AM stimuli. He found that subjects were able to detect interaural time disparities equally well when either the entire waveform to one ear was delayed or when ...

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Section: A Time-intensity Trading Functionssupporting

confidence: 94%

Time-intensity trading functions for pure tones and a high-frequency AM signal

Young

Carhart

1974

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…In this paper we have presented a model that obtains the random position variable/5 from simple operations on auditory-nerve activity, and we have compared its predictions to the results of various experimental studies. The model makes use of the description of auditory-nerve response and the display of interaural timing information presented in previous papers of this series (Colburn, 1973(Colburn, , 1977a The position-variable model also predicts the major results of centering studies by Elpern and Naunton (1964) and Young (1976) Fig. 2(a), is weighted by the product of twopulse-shaped functions, the distribution of the internal delays of the fiber pairs p(•), and the intensity function Lr(•').…”

Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of binaural interaction based on auditory-nerve data. IV. A model for subjective lateral position

Stern

Colburn

1978

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

156

159

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A model for the subjective lateral position of 500-Hz tones is presented and compared with experimental lateralization data. Previous papers in this series have explicitly described the auditory-nerve response to these stimuli and proposed a binaural displayer that interaurally compares the auditory-nerve firing times. The outputs of the displayer are postulated to represent the only information about detailed firing times that is available to the brain. In the present paper, lateral-position predictions are obtained by a central nonoptimal weighting of these outputs that depends on the interaural intensity difference of the tone. These predictions describe the results of lateralization-matching experiments more accurately and over a wider range of stimulus conditions than previous theories, except for those results which suggest that low-frequency binaural tones can generate multiple perceptual images. The predictions of our model are also consistent with the results of centering and laterality-comparison experiments. It is argued that the data discussed in this paper are generally incompatible with theories that propose a peripheral interaction of interaural timing and intensity information such as the latency hypothesis.

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“…Several studies have demonstrated a linear relationship between IPD and intracranial image location, independent of the frequency (<1200 Hz) (e.g. Sayers 1964; Elpern and Naunton 1964; Yost 1981). However, this relationship does not hold for IPDs beyond 90 ° where the intracranial image either moves towards the midline, jumps to the opposite side, or becomes perceptually diffuse, despite the increasing interaural delay (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this relationship does not hold for IPDs beyond 90 ° where the intracranial image either moves towards the midline, jumps to the opposite side, or becomes perceptually diffuse, despite the increasing interaural delay (e.g. Sayers 1964; Elpern and Naunton 1964; Domnitz and Colburn 1977; Shackleton et al 1991). Thus, one would expect both EEG and behavioural responses to demonstrate a link between behavioural and neural mechanisms of ITD processing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Representation of Interaural Time Differences in Humans—an Objective Measure that Matches Behavioural Performance

Undurraga

Haywood

Marquardt

et al. 2016

JARO

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Humans, and many other species, exploit small differences in the timing of sounds at the two ears (interaural time difference, ITD) to locate their source and to enhance their detection in background noise. Despite their importance in everyday listening tasks, however, the neural representation of ITDs in human listeners remains poorly understood, and few studies have assessed ITD sensitivity to a similar resolution to that reported perceptually. Here, we report an objective measure of ITD sensitivity in electroencephalography (EEG) signals to abrupt modulations in the interaural phase of amplitude-modulated low-frequency tones. Specifically, we measured following responses to amplitude-modulated sinusoidal signals (520-Hz carrier) in which the stimulus phase at each ear was manipulated to produce discrete interaural phase modulations at minima in the modulation cycle—interaural phase modulation following responses (IPM-FRs). The depth of the interaural phase modulation (IPM) was defined by the sign and the magnitude of the interaural phase difference (IPD) transition which was symmetric around zero. Seven IPM depths were assessed over the range of ±22 ° to ±157 °, corresponding to ITDs largely within the range experienced by human listeners under natural listening conditions (120 to 841 μs). The magnitude of the IPM-FR was maximal for IPM depths in the range of ±67.6 ° to ±112.6 ° and correlated well with performance in a behavioural experiment in which listeners were required to discriminate sounds containing IPMs from those with only static IPDs. The IPM-FR provides a sensitive measure of binaural processing in the human brain and has a potential to assess temporal binaural processing.

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Lateralizing Effects of Interaural Phase Differences

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Time-intensity trading functions for pure tones and a high-frequency AM signal

Time-intensity trading functions for pure tones and a high-frequency AM signal

Theory of binaural interaction based on auditory-nerve data. IV. A model for subjective lateral position

Neural Representation of Interaural Time Differences in Humans—an Objective Measure that Matches Behavioural Performance

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