Lateral motion bias associated with reading direction

Morikawa, Kaoru; McBeath, Michael K.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(92)90014-a

Cited by 73 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, the present work is the first to attribute such a bias to learned differences in traffic patterns. The findings contrast the work of Morikawa and McBeath (1992), in which visual motion biases were found to be attributable to reading direction and unrelated to handedness and driving side. In the case of walking direction biases, handedness and driving side both produced significant effects.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Right-Handers and Americans Favor Turning to the Right

Scharine

McBeath

2002

Hum Factors

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We tested a finding by E. S. Robinson (1933) that people have a bias to turn right upon entering a building. We hypothesized that this bias is attributable to learning derived from traffic rules that specify driving on the right side of the road and that it also could be related to handedness. We tested participants in both the United States and England in a simple "T-maze" task in order to compare their directional preference. Handedness was the best predictor of participants' directional preference. However, U.S. participants also were statistically more likely to turn right than were English participants. The preference to turn right was not found to be significantly related to eye dominance or reading direction of the primary written language of the participant, although in the case of reading direction, the sample size of right-to-left readers was too small to be conclusive. The findings support that walking direction preference is an additive function of both learned driving patterns and genetic handedness. These findings have practical implications for the design of public spaces such as schools, businesses, and urban centers.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Right-Handers and Americans Favor Turning to the Right

Scharine

McBeath

2002

Hum Factors

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“…The top-salience hypothesis predicts a bias to match a test figure with a same-top, perturbed-bottom comparison figure more often than with a same-bottom, perturbed-top comparison figure. The left-right comparison serves principally as a control, although there is some evidence to support the idea that viewers trained to read left to right might have a left-side attentional bias that could conceivably make lefts more salient (Morikawa & McBeath, 1992). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tops are more salient than bottoms

Chambers

McBeath

Schiano³

et al. 1999

Perception & Psychophysics

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Past research has verified that observers assume that objects are reliably oriented with respect to a gravitationally centered coordinate system. Observers also appear to attend more to specific parts of objects, like faces, that typically are closer to the top. In the present work, we explored whether or not observers have a generic bias to view tops as being more salient than bottoms. In three experiments, observers indicated whether random shapes appeared to be more similar to comparison shapes that shared identical tops rather than bottoms. Observers exhibited a reliable tendency to match figures with similarly shaped tops. Matching choice was also a function of global shape attributes such as axis of elongation or size. The fmdings are consistent with the notion that, in nature, tops tend to be the most visible part and to provide the best information with respect to important aspects of objects such as animal intentionality and artifact functionality.

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“…Temporal order of events is gestured left to right in native Spanish speakers but right to left in native Arabic speakers, even when speaking Spanish (e.g., Santiago, Lupiáñez, Pérez, & Funes, 2007). Writing order affects perception of motion (e.g., Maass, Pagani, & Berta, 2007;Morikawa & McBeath, 1992), perceptual exploration and drawing (e.g., Chokron & De Agostini, 2000;Nachshon, 1985;Vaid, Singh, Sakhuja, & Gupta, 2002), aesthetic judgments (e.g., Chokron & De Agostini, 2000;Nachshon, Argaman, & Luria, 1999), emotion judgments (Sakhuja, Gupta, Singh, and Vaid, 1996), judgments of agency, power, and speed (Chatterjee, 2001(Chatterjee, , 2002Hegarty, Lemieux, & McQueen, in press;Maass & Russo, 2003;Suitner & Maass, 2007), and art (Chatterjee, 2001;McManus & Humphrey, 1973). A variety of factors correlated with reading order seem to underlie these effects.…”

Section: Direction In Space: Horizontalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing Thought

Tversky

2010

Topics in Cognitive Science

290

227

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Depictive expressions of thought predate written language by thousands of years. They have evolved in communities through a kind of informal user testing that has refined them. Analyzing common visual communications reveals consistencies that illuminate how people think as well as guide design; the process can be brought into the laboratory and accelerated. Like language, visual communications abstract and schematize; unlike language, they use properties of the page (e.g., proximity and place: center, horizontal ⁄ up-down, vertical ⁄ left-right) and the marks on it (e.g., dots, lines, arrows, boxes, blobs, likenesses, symbols) to convey meanings. The visual expressions of these meanings (e.g., individual, category, order, relation, correspondence, continuum, hierarchy) have analogs in language, gesture, and especially in the patterns that are created when people design the world around them, arranging things into piles and rows and hierarchies and arrays, spatial-abstraction-action interconnections termed spractions. The designed world is a diagram.

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Lateral motion bias associated with reading direction

Cited by 73 publications

References 28 publications

Right-Handers and Americans Favor Turning to the Right

Right-Handers and Americans Favor Turning to the Right

Tops are more salient than bottoms

Visualizing Thought

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