Latent Profiles of Posttraumatic Growth and Their Relation to Differences in Resilience among Only-Child-Lost People in China

Zhang, Wen; Wang, Anni; Yao, Shuyu; Luo, Yuanhui; Li, Zhihua; Huang, Feifei; Li, Hui; Yin, Yizhen; Zhang, Jingping

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167398

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Items were rated on a 6-point scale ranging from 0 (‘not at all’) to 5 (‘very strongly’). Previous Chinese researchers deleted item 18 (‘I have a stronger religious faith’), as it is not applicable in Chinese sample (Wang, Chen, Wang, & Liu, 2011; Zhang et al, 2016). Average scores of the remaining 20 items were calculated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent profiles of physical and psychological outcomes of bereaved parents in China who lost their only child

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Along with the implementation of the one-child policy in China, a special group of bereaved parents called ‘shiduer’ (失独者), meaning parents bereaved by the loss of their only child, emerged. Although previous research has examined the physical and psychological health of this population, individual differences in physical and psychological outcomes are still not well understood.Objective: This study aimed to identify heterogenous subgroups of Chinese bereaved parents who lost their only child based on the physical and psychological health of this population as well as the predictive factors of each subgroup.Method: Latent profile analysis was used to explore underlying patterns of physical and psychological indicators including subjective physical health, negative psychological outcomes (i.e. depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and prolonged grief disorder) and positive psychological outcomes (i.e. post-traumatic growth) among a sample of Chinese bereaved parents who lost their only child (N = 536). A three-step approach was used to examine the effects of covariates including quality of spousal relationship and recruitment channels on psychological and physical outcomes.Results: A three-profile model identified severity-based groupings of a ‘resilient’ subgroup (n = 153), a ‘coping’ subgroup (n = 338) and a ‘dysfunctional’ subgroup (n = 45). Less satisfaction with spousal relationship and recruitment from institutions in the community and online self-help groups (vs. offline support groups) are associated with the membership of the ‘coping’ or ‘dysfunctional’ subgroup compared to the ‘resilient’ subgroup.Conclusions: There is heterogeneity regarding the physical and psychological health of Chinese parents after losing their only child. The predictive effects of the quality of spousal relationship and the recruitment channels could provide directions for professional intervention.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent profiles of physical and psychological outcomes of bereaved parents in China who lost their only child

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…disaster, violence, abuse, and loss) have been identified to increase the risk of suicide [10, 11]. Losing a child is a particularly traumatic and heartbreaking event for parents, which can trigger lots of emotional responses, such as increased risk of suicide, PTSD and depression [12, 13]. Suicidal ideation (SI) is an important predictor and inevitable stage for suicide behavior [14, 15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidal ideation among shidu parents: the role of stigma and social support

Wang¹,

Ren²,

Wang³

et al. 2019

BMC Psychiatry

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BackgroundLosing an only child is a particularly traumatic and heartbreaking event for parents, which can trigger a lot of emotional responses, including PTSD and suicidal ideation (SI). The objectives of this study were mainly to identify predictors of SI and examine the interactions of PTSD with stigma and social support on SI among shidu parents.MethodsA total of 507 shidu parents from Shenyang, China were included in this cross-sectional study. Bivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore risk or protective factors associated with SI. Interactions of PTSD with stigma and social support on SI were also examined by bivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of SI among shidu parents was 11.24%. PTSD (OR = 2.23, p < 0.05) and stigma (OR = 4.66, p < 0.01) were positively associated with SI. Social support was negatively associated with SI (OR = 0.90, p < 0.01). For individuals with PTSD, the presence of stigma was more likely to lead to SI. For individuals with PTSD, an increased level of social support was less likely to lead to SI.ConclusionsSI is a serious issue among shidu parents. Stigma aggravated the effect of PTSD on SI, while social support buffered the effect of PTSD on SI among shidu parents.

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“…On the other hand, losing the single child is an oppressive disaster for parents anywhere, but in China, the effect is exacerbated by Chinese culture, as parents are not only losing their single child but also losing their life's main emotional dependence and hope [ 11 ]. For parents, the dissolution of the attachment relationship with the child would elicit a series of emotional responses associated with loss, such as depression, anxiety, prolonged pain, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [ 12 ]. These negative emotions can aggravate the grief of shidu parents so that seriously affecting their mental health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mediating effect of social support on the relationship between perceived stress and quality of life among shidu parents in China

Wang

Lin

et al. 2021

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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Background “Loss-of-only-child family” refers to the family in which the only child died and the mother has passed her child-bearing age. The parents who are unable to reproduce or do not foster other children are known as “shidu parents” in China. This study aimed to estimate the quality of life (QOL) and the mediating role of social support between perceived stress and QOL in Chinese shidu parents. Methods 502 shidu parents were recruited in Shenyang city. Shidu parents were asked to complete a questionnaire including the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36), the perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10) and the functional social support questionnaire (FSSQ). Hierarchical linear regression was performed to assess the associations among perceived stress, social support and QOL. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were used to explore the mediating role of social support. Results The mean score of PCS and MCS was 64.83 ± 22.66 and 59.36 ± 21.83, respectively. Perceived stress was found to be negatively associated with both PCS (β = − 0.21, p < 0.001) and MCS (β = − 0.28, p < 0.001), while social support was positively associated with both PCS (β = 0.32, p < 0.001) and MCS (β = 0.32, p < 0.001). For shidu parents, the proportion of mediation of social support between perceived stress and QOL was 36.85% for PCS and 29.45% for MCS, respectively. Conclusions Perceived stress was associated with QOL and social support had a partially mediating effect between perceived stress and QOL in Chinese shidu parents. Low PCS and MCS of shidu parents highlight the need of timely developing interventions to reduce stress and reinforce social support to further improve their QOL.

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Latent Profiles of Posttraumatic Growth and Their Relation to Differences in Resilience among Only-Child-Lost People in China

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

Latent profiles of physical and psychological outcomes of bereaved parents in China who lost their only child

Latent profiles of physical and psychological outcomes of bereaved parents in China who lost their only child

The relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidal ideation among shidu parents: the role of stigma and social support

The mediating effect of social support on the relationship between perceived stress and quality of life among shidu parents in China

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