Latent equid herpesviruses 1 and 4: detection and distinction using the polymerase chain reaction and co-cultivation from lymphoid tissues

Welch, H; Bridges, C G; Lyon, A. M.; Griffiths, Linda; Edington, N.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-73-2-261

Cited by 186 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This present work supports and further defines earlier studies using genomic PCR and co-cultivation of explanted leukocytes to detect latent virus in leukocytes from venous blood and from lymph nodes of the respiratory tract (Welch et al, 1992), and more recent work which has identified LATs in these cells using in situ hybridization and RT-PCR (Chester et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The reverse is true for EHV-1 in the horse, where leukocytes were first identified as the site of latency (Edington et al, 1985(Edington et al, , 1994Welch et al, 1992), while detection in the trigeminal ganglia has shown a low frequency of neurones expressing LATs (Baxi et al, 1995) and with either no recovery or only low frequencies of infectious virus from latently infected neurones (Burrows & Goodridge, 1984 ;Edington et al, 1994 ;Slater et al, 1994). The present work is consistent with the range of variation in the predominant sites of latency that is seen between alphaherpesviruses in different hosts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…After the addition of 5 units of RNase inhibitor and 100 units of Moloney murine leukaemia virus RT, the reaction mixture was incubated for 1 h at 37 mC and chilled on ice for 10 min. Primer sequences of the conserved gB gene of EHV-1 were used as described by Welch et al, (1992) : 1L, GGA AAG GAT ACA GCC ATA CGT C ; 1R, CGT ACA CAA TAT CAC CGG TGG A.…”

Section: Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leukocytes also have been identified as a site of latency for EHV-1 (Edington et al, 1985(Edington et al, , 1994Welch et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

In vitro reactivation of latent equid herpesvirus-1 from CD5+/CD8+ leukocytes indirectly by IL-2 or chorionic gonadotrophin.

Smith

Iqbal²,

Purewal³

et al. 1998

Journal of General Virology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leukocytes also have been identified as a site of latency for EHV-1 (Edington et al, 1985(Edington et al, , 1994Welch et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

In vitro reactivation of latent equid herpesvirus-1 from CD5+/CD8+ leukocytes indirectly by IL-2 or chorionic gonadotrophin.

Smith

Iqbal²,

Purewal³

et al. 1998

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…15,17,20 Despite its uncertain pathogenicity, EHV-2 has been proposed to be associated with keratoconjunctivitis and respiratory disease in foals. 4,7,15,17,20 Equid herpesvirus 2 has also been proposed to play a role in transactivation and possibly reactivation of EHV-1 and EHV-4, 23 as well as modulation of foal immune responses, predisposing them to Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. 16 As a cytopathogenic gammaherpesvirus, 21 EHV-2 is related to Human herpesvirus 4 (commonly known as Epstein-Barr virus).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Equid Herpesvirus 2-Associated Oral and Esophageal Ulceration in a Foal

et al. 2008

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Abstract. A case of a 1-month-old Thoroughbred foal with dysphagia, salivation, pyrexia, oral mucosal pustules, and esophageal ulceration is reported. Swabs from the ulcerated lesions yielded Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) in virus isolation assays, and histopathology of a biopsy from the esophageal lesion identified nuclear inclusions suggestive of herpesviruses. Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies specific for EHV-2 was positive for epithelial cells in the vicinity of the ulcer but not in more distant mucosa. Electron microscopic evaluation of the biopsy showed herpesviral particles in epithelial cells. The foal recovered over 5 days of supportive and gastroprotective therapy, and the esophageal ulcers healed. Serology and immunohistochemistry indicated that this foal likely had lesions associated with EHV-2 and not EHV-1, -4, or -5. Six weeks before foaling, the mare had been vaccinated against tetanus, Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis, equine influenza, Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), and Equid herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4). During gestation at the 5th, 7th, and 9th month, the mare had been revaccinated against EHV-1 with an inactivated killed vaccine. c Gestation and parturition were unremarkable, and adequate passive transfer of immunoglobulins (Ig) to the foal was reported with the foal's serum IgG concentration greater than 8 g/l at 24-hr postpartum. There were no recent management changes on the premises, and examination of the mare and foal's stall and paddock did not reveal hazardous chemicals or sharp objects.On presentation, the filly was in good body condition (90 kg) but depressed. The foal demonstrated abnormal tongue movements, drooling of saliva, and an increased sensitivity to palpation of the buccal and gingival mucosa. The rectal temperature and heart and respiratory rates were within normal limits. The oral mucous membranes were dark pink, and the capillary refill time was ,2 sec. Neither lymphadenopathy nor other lymph node abnormalities were noted. On auscultation, gastrointestinal sounds were present in all 4 abdominal quadrants. The extremities were palpably cool, and the amplitude of the peripheral pulses appeared reduced. The animal was assessed to be approximately 5% dehydrated. Lung sounds were mildly increased bilaterally, and a slight bilateral, serous nasal discharge was present. Percussion of the thorax revealed a normal lung field. Apart from depression, no abnormalities were detected on a detailed neurological examination.The oral cavity was thoroughly examined, and video endoscopy of the oropharynx, esophagus, and stomach was performed. The oral mucosa was dark pink with discrete and coalescing pustules visible in the mucosa of the upper gum and lip. Ulcers and erosions were visible on the buccal mucosa, and there was evidence of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia. The esophagus had a large number of punctate ulcers throughout its entire length, and the esophageal mucosa was hyperemic and edematous (Fig. 1). The tongue was not affected. There was no evidence of gastric ul...

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Ocular manifestations of systemic disease

Davis¹

2016

Equine Ophthalmology

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Latent equid herpesviruses 1 and 4: detection and distinction using the polymerase chain reaction and co-cultivation from lymphoid tissues

Cited by 186 publications

References 32 publications

In vitro reactivation of latent equid herpesvirus-1 from CD5+/CD8+ leukocytes indirectly by IL-2 or chorionic gonadotrophin.

In vitro reactivation of latent equid herpesvirus-1 from CD5+/CD8+ leukocytes indirectly by IL-2 or chorionic gonadotrophin.

Equid Herpesvirus 2-Associated Oral and Esophageal Ulceration in a Foal

Ocular manifestations of systemic disease

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