Lateglacial cryptotephra detected within clay varves in Östergötland, south‐east Sweden

MacLeod, Alison; Brunnberg, Lars; Wastegård, Stefan; Hang, Tiit; Matthews, Ian

doi:10.1002/jqs.2738

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…, c; MacLeod et al . ). E. Comparisons of HÄM _T1456‐1455 and reworked shards from HÄM _T1451 to the Vedde Ash and Askja‐S Tephra, demonstrating the correlation of HÄM _T1445‐1444 to the Askja‐S Tephra (data from Lane et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Lateglacial to early Holocene tephrochronological record from Lake Hämelsee, Germany: a key site within the European tephra framework

Jones

Lane

Brauer

et al. 2017

Boreas

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Here we present the results of a detailed cryptotephra investigation through the Lateglacial to early Holocene transition, from a new sediment core record obtained from Lake Hämelsee, Germany. Two tephra horizons, the Laacher See Tephra (Eifel Volcanic Field) and the Saksunarvatn Ash (Iceland), have been previously described in this partially varved sediment record, indicating the potential of the location as an important Lateglacial tephrochronological site in northwest Europe. We have identified three further tephra horizons, which we correlate to: the c. 12.1 ka BP Vedde Ash (Iceland), the c. 11 ka BP Ulmener Maar tephra (Eifel Volcanic Field) and the c. 10.8 ka BP Askja‐S tephra (Iceland). Three additional cryptotephra deposits have been found (locally named HÄM_T1616, HÄM_T1470 and HÄM_T1456‐1455), which cannot be correlated to any known eruption at present. Geochemical analysis of the deposits suggests that these cryptotephras most likely have an Icelandic origin. Our discoveries provide age constraints for the new sediment records from Lake Hämelsee and enable direct stratigraphical correlations to be made with other tephra‐bearing sites across Europe. The new tephrostratigraphical record, within a partially varved Lateglacial sediment record, highlights the importance of Lake Hämelsee as a key site within the European tephra lattice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Lateglacial to early Holocene tephrochronological record from Lake Hämelsee, Germany: a key site within the European tephra framework

Jones

Lane

Brauer

et al. 2017

Boreas

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“…This synchronous response is well constrained and highlights the powerful approach of combining tephra isochrons with annually resolved records. A study by Macleod et al () also demonstrates how the Vedde Ash is preserved within a floating varve sequence from Sweden. A further advance may well emerge in the future where rapid climate events preserved within ice and a varved depositional environment are bracketed by two or more common tephra isochrons.…”

Section: Cryptotephra Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Deposition of Vedde Ash is thought to have been by iceberg rafting between 49 and 55˚N and primary fallout north of 55˚N. References for the Vedde Ash occurrences are as follows: Greenland (Gr€ onvold et al, 1995;Mortensen et al, 2005;Rasmussen et al, 2013); Iceland (Bj€ orck et al, 1992;Norddahl and Haflidason, 1992;Ing olfsson et al, 1997); Norway (Mangerud et al, 1984;Birks et al, 1996;Bondevik et al, 2001;Vorren et al, 2007;Lind et al, 2013); Sweden (Wastegård et al, 1998;Bj€ orck and Wastegård, 1999;Wastegård et al, 2000a;Schoning, 2002;Macleod et al, 2014); Russian Federation (Wastegård et al, 2000b); Scotland Turney et al, 1997;Davies et al, 2001;Mackie et al, 2002;Ranner et al, 2005;Pyne-O'Donnell, 2007;Matthews et al, 2011); Northern Ireland (Turney et al, 2006); Netherlands (Davies et al, 2005); Denmark (Larsen and Noe-Nygaard, 2014);…”

Section: Cryptotephra Extraction Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptotephras: the revolution in correlation and precision dating

Davies

2015

J Quaternary Science

134

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From its Icelandic origins in the study of visible tephra horizons, tephrochronology took a remarkable step in the late 1980 s with the discovery of a ca. 4300-year-old microscopic ash layer in a Scottish peat bog. Since then, the search for these cryptotephra deposits in distal areas has gone from strength to strength. Indeed, a recent discovery demonstrates how a few fine-grained glass shards from an Alaskan eruption have been dispersed more than 7000 km to northern Europe. Instantaneous deposition of geochemically distinct volcanic ash over such large geographical areas gives rise to a powerful correlation tool with considerable potential for addressing a range of scientific questions. A prerequisite of this work is the establishment of regional tephrochronological frameworks that include well-constrained age estimates and robust geochemical signatures for each deposit. With distal sites revealing a complex record of previously unknown volcanic events, frameworks are regularly revised, and it has become apparent that some closely timed eruptions have similar geochemical signatures. The search for unique and robust geochemical fingerprints thus hinges on rigorous analysis by electron microprobe and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Historical developments and significant breakthroughs are presented to chart the revolution in correlation and precision dating over the last 50 years using tephrochronology and cryptotephrochronology.

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“…Within this limited time period, however, numerous tephra isochrons are available that are helping to improve the chronological resolution with which past environmental conditions can be reconstructed (e.g. Matthews et al, 2011;Brauer et al, 2014;MacLeod et al, 2014;Olsen et al, 2014). The results are increasingly revealing evidence for diachronous responses to climatic change during the Last Glacial-interglacial period, in cases where events can be compared with a sub-centennial temporal resolution.…”

Section: Building the Tephra Latticementioning

confidence: 99%

The RESET project: constructing a European tephra lattice for refined synchronisation of environmental and archaeological events during the last c. 100 ka

Lowe

Ramsey

Housley

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tThis paper introduces the aims and scope of the RESET project (RESponse of humans to abrupt Environmental Transitions), a programme of research funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (UK) between 2008 and 2013; it also provides the context and rationale for papers included in a special volume of Quaternary Science Reviews that report some of the project's findings. RESET examined the chronological and correlation methods employed to establish causal links between the timing of abrupt environmental transitions (AETs) on the one hand, and of human dispersal and development on the other, with a focus on the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic periods. The period of interest is the Last Glacial cycle and the early Holocene (c. 100e8 ka), during which time a number of pronounced AETs occurred. A long-running topic of debate is the degree to which human history in Europe and the Mediterranean region during the Palaeolithic was shaped by these AETs, but this has proved difficult to assess because of poor dating control. In an attempt to move the science forward, RESET examined the potential that tephra isochrons, and in particular non-visible ash layers (cryptotephras), might offer for synchronising palaeo-records with a greater degree of finesse. New tephrostratigraphical data generated by the project augment previously-established tephra frameworks for the region, and underpin a more evolved tephra 'lattice' that links palaeo-records between Greenland, the European mainland, sub-marine sequences in the Mediterranean and North Africa. The paper also outlines the significance of other contributions to this special volume: collectively, these illustrate how the lattice was constructed, how it links with cognate tephra research in Europe and elsewhere, and how the evidence of tephra isochrons is beginning to challenge long-held views about the impacts of environmental change on humans during the Palaeolithic.

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Lateglacial cryptotephra detected within clay varves in Östergötland, south‐east Sweden

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

The Lateglacial to early Holocene tephrochronological record from Lake Hämelsee, Germany: a key site within the European tephra framework

The Lateglacial to early Holocene tephrochronological record from Lake Hämelsee, Germany: a key site within the European tephra framework

Cryptotephras: the revolution in correlation and precision dating

The RESET project: constructing a European tephra lattice for refined synchronisation of environmental and archaeological events during the last c. 100 ka

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