The Lateglacial to early Holocene tephrochronological record from Lake Hämelsee, Germany: a key site within the European tephra framework

Contiguous sampling of ice spanning key intervals of the deglaciation from the Greenland ice cores of NGRIP, GRIP and NEEM has revealed three new silicic cryptotephra deposits that are geochemically similar to the well‐known Borrobol Tephra (BT). The BT is complex and confounded by the younger closely timed and compositionally similar Penifiler Tephra (PT). Two of the deposits found in the ice are in Greenland Interstadial 1e (GI‐1e) and an older deposit is found in Greenland Stadial 2.1 (GS‐2.1). Until now, the BT was confined to GI‐1‐equivalent lacustrine sequences in the British Isles, Sweden and Germany, and our discovery in Greenland ice extends its distribution and geochemical composition. However, the two cryptotephras that fall within GI‐1e ice cannot be separated on the basis of geochemistry and are dated to 14358 ± 177 a b2k and 14252 ± 173 a b2k, just 106 ± 3 years apart. The older deposit is consistent with BT age estimates derived from Scottish sites, while the younger deposit overlaps with both BT and PT age estimates. We suggest that either the BT in Northern European terrestrial sequences represents an amalgamation of tephra from both of the GI‐1e events identified in the ice‐cores or that it relates to just one of the ice‐core events. A firm correlation cannot be established at present due to their strong geochemical similarities. The older tephra horizon, found within all three ice‐cores and dated to 17326 ± 319 a b2k, can be correlated to a known layer within marine sediment cores from the North Iceland Shelf (ca. 17179‐16754 cal a BP). Despite showing similarities to the BT, this deposit can be distinguished on the basis of lower CaO and TiO2 and is a valuable new tie‐point that could eventually be used in high‐resolution marine records to compare the climate signals from the ocean and atmosphere.

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“…Denmark: (27) Østerskov (Larsen, 2014 cited in Lind et al ., ). Germany: (28) Lake Hämelsee (Jones et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Denmark: (27) Østerskov (Larsen, 2014cited in Lind et al, 2016. Germany: (28) Lake H€ amelsee (Jones et al, 2018). based on geochemical similarities (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First identification and characterization of Borrobol‐type tephra in the Greenland ice cores: new deposits and improved age estimates

Cook

Davies

Guðmundsdóttir

et al. 2018

J Quaternary Science

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“…RESET-Bronk Ramsey et al, 2015;Davies et al, 2012: Lawson et al, 2012Blockley et al, 2014), although these are continuously being updated with unknown eruptions (e.g. Lane et al, 2015;Jones et al, 2018). Reference datasets and tephrostratigraphy records for volcanic regions further afield, and from which some of these uncorrelated deposits may have originated, may not be as complete, which provides a major constraint on current correlations.…”

Section: Unknown Tephra Deposits-new Eruptions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Traces of volcanic ash from the Mediterranean, Iceland and North America in a Holocene record from south Wales, UK

Jones

Davies

Staff

et al. 2019

J Quaternary Science

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A tephra record is presented for a sediment core from Llyn Llech Owain, south Wales, spanning the early‐ to mid‐Holocene. Seven cryptotephra deposits are discovered with three thought to correlate with known eruptions and the remaining four considered to represent previously undocumented events. One deposit is suggested to correlate with the ~6.9 cal ka bp Lairg A tephra from Iceland, whereas more distant sources are proposed as the origin for two of the tephra deposits. A peak of colourless shards in early‐Holocene sediments is thought to tentatively correlate with the ~9.6 cal ka bp Fondi di Baia tephra (Campi Flegrei) and a second cryptotephra is tentatively correlated with the ~3.6 cal ka bp Aniakchak (CFE) II tephra (Alaska). The Fondi di Baia tephra has never been recorded beyond proximal sites and its discovery in south Wales significantly extends the geographical distribution of ash from this eruption. The remaining four cryptotephra deposits are yet to be correlated with known eruptions, demonstrating that our current understanding of widespread tephra deposits is incomplete. This new tephra record highlights the potential for sites at more southerly and westerly locations in northwest Europe to act as repositories for ash from several volcanic regions.

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“…Also a contribution to the Lateglacial tephrochronological framework is missing. Hence, there is a lack of pollen profiles that can be directly correlated with the existing event stratigraphy (Björck et al 1998;Blockley et al 2014;Jones et al 2018;Rasmussen et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence completed – palynological investigations on Lateglacial/Early Holocene environmental changes recorded in sequentially laminated lacustrine sediments of the Nahe palaeolake in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

Krüger¹,

Mortensen²,

Dörfler³

2020

Preprint

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The exploration of Lateglacial vegetation history in Schleswig-Holstein is elaborate and comprehensive. Despite being one of the most studied areas, regarding to the Lateglacial, no biostratigraphy covering the complete Lateglacial and Early Holocene periods without hiatus have so far been recovered. In this paper we present a biostratigraphy of the Nahe palaeolake, therewith intending to deal with this desideratum.The special strength of the presented sequence is expressed in the fact that these are the only palynologically investigated sequentially annual laminated limnic sediments of the Lateglacial in Schleswig-Holstein. These laminated sediments, as well as radiocarbon dating of botanical macrofossils and three geochemically confirmed cryptotephra layers (Laacher See Tephra, Vedde Ash and Saksunarvatn Ash), provide excellent chronological control and allow for a Europe-wide correlation. Particularly important is a complete discussion of the vegetation history and the spatial proximity to Late Palaeolithic sites, which renders it possible to evaluate potential humanenvironment-interaction long before classical palynological human indicators occur. (2017) and radiocarbon ages of bones and antler suggest a temporal classification into the Dryas 3 period and partly into the early Preboreal period. Faunal remains have been investigated by WildFor that time, a ford situation can be reconstructed at the south-eastern end of the lake in the form of a shallow water area above a sand ridge, situated at the foot of the morain. The composition of the finds, antler technology as well as the topographical situation reflect a comparable situation as reconstructed for the Ahrensburg tunnel valley, located only 18 km to the south (Rust 1943; Rust and Gripp 1937). Materials and Methods Field methods and samplingThe coring took place in October 2017. A modified Livingston piston corer (Mingram et al. 2007)the so called Usinger-corerwas used to extract the sediment cores. Two overlapping sediment sequences with a diameter of 80 mm and a length of 16 m have been reached by drilling. Each 1-msegment was cut longitudinally, stored in PVC-liners and processed at the Institute for Pre-and Protohistoric Archaeology in Kiel, Germany. In order to connect the core sequences a series of distinct layers and stratigraphic marker horizons have been defined in the parallel cores. In this way, a composite core was constructed, representing a continuous record avoiding gaps (Dörfler et al. 2012).The interdisciplinary approach of the study required that the results of different methods could be correlated across depths. Therefore, a grid of 5 mm step size was created spanning the lower 5 m of the sequence. Each sample has been labelled according to consecutive numbers (953 potential samples in total, 11.10 m -15.89 m below the surface). A preliminary examination with 16 pollen samples determined the focus sequence for the analyses. The scope of the analyses is set on the sequence between sample 330 (12.745-12.750 m, ~10,030 cal yr BP) and 90...

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The Lateglacial to early Holocene tephrochronological record from Lake Hämelsee, Germany: a key site within the European tephra framework

Cited by 29 publications

References 72 publications

First identification and characterization of Borrobol‐type tephra in the Greenland ice cores: new deposits and improved age estimates

First identification and characterization of Borrobol‐type tephra in the Greenland ice cores: new deposits and improved age estimates

Traces of volcanic ash from the Mediterranean, Iceland and North America in a Holocene record from south Wales, UK

Sequence completed – palynological investigations on Lateglacial/Early Holocene environmental changes recorded in sequentially laminated lacustrine sediments of the Nahe palaeolake in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

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