“…Data were analysed for the swing phase only and players were monitored over the entire competition season following baseline testing. Using functional component analysis to identify patterns of variability in the kinematic and kinetic data, subsequently injured players (n = 3) were found to display increased thoracic lateral flexion towards the ipsilateral side as well as a greater peak hip extension moment and increased peak knee joint power absorption during late swing [53]. However, no difference between groups was found for the degree of anterior pelvic tilt during sprinting.…”
Section: Could Sprinting Biomechanics Be a Risk Factor For Hamstring Strain Injuries?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To address this issue, prospective studies investigating the association between sprinting biomechanics and future HSIs need to be considered. To our knowledge, only five such studies have been published to date (Table 5) [47,48,[51][52][53]. ♂: male, Hx: participants suffering HSI, H0: participants who did not suffer HSI, MOCAP: motion capture, θ: angle, ω: Angular velocity, M: moment, P: power, LH: lateral hamstring, MH: medial hamstring and GM: Gluteus Maximus One prospective study focused on trunk and hip muscle sEMG activity during overground sprinting.…”
Section: Could Sprinting Biomechanics Be a Risk Factor For Hamstring Strain Injuries?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The other four prospective studies focused on kinematic and/or kinetic variables during over-ground sprinting [47,48,51,53]. Haugen et al [48] examined 14 different kinematic variables relating to interlimb asymmetry during sprinting, but none were significantly different between athletes who suffered a HSI within a 12 month follow-up period (n = 12) and those who did not (n = 9).…”
Section: Could Sprinting Biomechanics Be a Risk Factor For Hamstring Strain Injuries?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Compared to matched controls, the subsequently injured players displayed significantly greater anterior pelvic tilt during early swing and significantly greater thoracic lateral flexion towards the ipsilateral side during late swing. Kenneally-Dabrowski and colleagues [53] recorded trunk kinematics as well as lower-limb kinematics and kinetics during sprinting for 10 professional Rugby Union players. Participants maximally accelerated over 50 m on an indoor track and data were captured between 30 and 50 m from the starting location.…”
Section: Could Sprinting Biomechanics Be a Risk Factor For Hamstring Strain Injuries?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, gluteus maximus normalised sEMG activity during late swing and early stance for players who did not experience a HSI had an average amplitude between 200% and 300%, which would indicate that the normalisation task for gluteus maximus sEMG activity in this study did not elicit true maximal voluntary contractions. Second, Kenneally-Dabrowski et al [53] used inverse dynamics to compute joint moments and powers, but data were expressed in absolute units, therefore it is possible that the reported differences in joint kinetics may be attributable to variability in anthropometric properties between subjects. Kenneally-Dabrowski et al [53] also did not quantify sprinting biomechanics during stance, which is a phase in the stride cycle when the hamstrings are known to be highly activated and generating force [32,68] and thought by some to be vulnerable to injury [16,69].…”
Section: Could Sprinting Biomechanics Be a Risk Factor For Hamstring Strain Injuries?mentioning
Hamstring strain injury (HSI) is a common and costly injury in many sports such as the various professional football codes. Most HSIs have been reported to occur during high intensity sprinting actions. This observation has led to the suggestion that a link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs may exist. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the available scientific evidence underpinning the potential link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs. A structured search of the literature was completed followed by a risk of bias assessment. A total of eighteen studies were retrieved. Sixteen studies involved retrospective and/or prospective analyses, of which only three were judged to have a low risk of bias. Two other case studies captured data before and after an acute HSI. A range of biomechanical variables have been measured, including ground reaction forces, trunk and lower-limb joint angles, hip and knee joint moments and powers, hamstring muscle–tendon unit stretch, and surface electromyographic activity from various trunk and thigh muscles. Overall, current evidence was unable to provide a clear and nonconflicting perspective on the potential link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs. Nevertheless, some interesting findings were revealed, which hopefully will stimulate future research on this topic.
“…Data were analysed for the swing phase only and players were monitored over the entire competition season following baseline testing. Using functional component analysis to identify patterns of variability in the kinematic and kinetic data, subsequently injured players (n = 3) were found to display increased thoracic lateral flexion towards the ipsilateral side as well as a greater peak hip extension moment and increased peak knee joint power absorption during late swing [53]. However, no difference between groups was found for the degree of anterior pelvic tilt during sprinting.…”
Section: Could Sprinting Biomechanics Be a Risk Factor For Hamstring Strain Injuries?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To address this issue, prospective studies investigating the association between sprinting biomechanics and future HSIs need to be considered. To our knowledge, only five such studies have been published to date (Table 5) [47,48,[51][52][53]. ♂: male, Hx: participants suffering HSI, H0: participants who did not suffer HSI, MOCAP: motion capture, θ: angle, ω: Angular velocity, M: moment, P: power, LH: lateral hamstring, MH: medial hamstring and GM: Gluteus Maximus One prospective study focused on trunk and hip muscle sEMG activity during overground sprinting.…”
Section: Could Sprinting Biomechanics Be a Risk Factor For Hamstring Strain Injuries?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The other four prospective studies focused on kinematic and/or kinetic variables during over-ground sprinting [47,48,51,53]. Haugen et al [48] examined 14 different kinematic variables relating to interlimb asymmetry during sprinting, but none were significantly different between athletes who suffered a HSI within a 12 month follow-up period (n = 12) and those who did not (n = 9).…”
Section: Could Sprinting Biomechanics Be a Risk Factor For Hamstring Strain Injuries?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Compared to matched controls, the subsequently injured players displayed significantly greater anterior pelvic tilt during early swing and significantly greater thoracic lateral flexion towards the ipsilateral side during late swing. Kenneally-Dabrowski and colleagues [53] recorded trunk kinematics as well as lower-limb kinematics and kinetics during sprinting for 10 professional Rugby Union players. Participants maximally accelerated over 50 m on an indoor track and data were captured between 30 and 50 m from the starting location.…”
Section: Could Sprinting Biomechanics Be a Risk Factor For Hamstring Strain Injuries?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, gluteus maximus normalised sEMG activity during late swing and early stance for players who did not experience a HSI had an average amplitude between 200% and 300%, which would indicate that the normalisation task for gluteus maximus sEMG activity in this study did not elicit true maximal voluntary contractions. Second, Kenneally-Dabrowski et al [53] used inverse dynamics to compute joint moments and powers, but data were expressed in absolute units, therefore it is possible that the reported differences in joint kinetics may be attributable to variability in anthropometric properties between subjects. Kenneally-Dabrowski et al [53] also did not quantify sprinting biomechanics during stance, which is a phase in the stride cycle when the hamstrings are known to be highly activated and generating force [32,68] and thought by some to be vulnerable to injury [16,69].…”
Section: Could Sprinting Biomechanics Be a Risk Factor For Hamstring Strain Injuries?mentioning
Hamstring strain injury (HSI) is a common and costly injury in many sports such as the various professional football codes. Most HSIs have been reported to occur during high intensity sprinting actions. This observation has led to the suggestion that a link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs may exist. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the available scientific evidence underpinning the potential link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs. A structured search of the literature was completed followed by a risk of bias assessment. A total of eighteen studies were retrieved. Sixteen studies involved retrospective and/or prospective analyses, of which only three were judged to have a low risk of bias. Two other case studies captured data before and after an acute HSI. A range of biomechanical variables have been measured, including ground reaction forces, trunk and lower-limb joint angles, hip and knee joint moments and powers, hamstring muscle–tendon unit stretch, and surface electromyographic activity from various trunk and thigh muscles. Overall, current evidence was unable to provide a clear and nonconflicting perspective on the potential link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs. Nevertheless, some interesting findings were revealed, which hopefully will stimulate future research on this topic.
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