Sprinting Biomechanics and Hamstring Injuries: Is There a Link? A Literature Review

Kalema, Rudy N; Schache, Anthony G.; Williams, Morgan; Heiderscheit, Bryan C.; Trajano, Gabriel S.; Shield, Anthony

doi:10.3390/sports9100141

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Although more typical for team sports and related to sprinting [ 132 , 133 ], hamstring injuries also occur in distance runners [ 28 ]. The risk of hamstring injury can be reduced by flexibility training as well as strength training, as Wan et al [ 134 ] found that mobility training statistically significantly lengthened the semimembranosus and long head of the biceps femoris ( p ≤ 0.026) and reduced the maximum load on the hamstrings, while strength training increased the length and reduced maximum load on all hamstring muscles.…”

Section: Resistance Exercise For Reducing the Risk Of Running-related...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Exercise for Improving Running Economy and Running Biomechanics and Decreasing Running-Related Injury Risk: A Narrative Review

Šuc

Šarko

Kozinc

2022

Sports

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It is well-accepted that at least a certain amount of resistance exercise (RE) is recommended for most endurance athletes. In this review, we aim to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of RE on running economy, running biomechanics, and running-related injury risk in endurance runners. The evidence robustly shows that lower limb RE is effective for improving running economy and performance, with a combination of strength and plyometric training being recommended to improve RE. Isometric training is also emerging as a possible alternative to implement during periods of high overall training load. Lower limb RE may change some aspects of joint kinematics during running; however, the evidence regarding the effects on kinetics is limited. Lower limb RE may help reduce running-related injury risk, but further evidence is needed.

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Section: Resistance Exercise For Reducing the Risk Of Running-related...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Exercise for Improving Running Economy and Running Biomechanics and Decreasing Running-Related Injury Risk: A Narrative Review

Šuc

Šarko

Kozinc

2022

Sports

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“…The two cases of action mentioned above, such as significantly greater anterior pelvic tilt or thoracic lateral flexion, both contain the sudden appearance or persistence of mis-takes or abnormalities in action, and were deemed as an irrefutable factor contributing to the injury and re-injury [81][82][83]. However, this viewpoint is subject to be supported by experimental evidence.…”

Section: Possible Performance Of Motor Control During Hamstrings Acut...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hamstrings on Morphological Structure Characteristics, Stress Features, and Risk of Injuries: A Narrative Review

Shi

Sun

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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Hamstring injury has been considered one of the most common exercise-induced injuries in sports. Hamstring injuries mostly occur proximal to the biceps femoris. However, the reasons and mechanisms remain unclear. To summarize hamstring morphological structure features and what the relationship is between their structure and risk of injury from the current literature, this review discussed the possible injury mechanism of hamstrings, from the morphological and connected pattern diversity, the mechanical properties, and the stress–strain performance, to probable changes in action control. Morphological and connected pattern diversity of hamstrings components show heterogeneous loads under muscle tension. Connections of gradient compliance between different tissues may lead to materials’ susceptibility to detachments near the tendon–bone junction sites under heterogeneous load conditions. The hamstrings muscle’s motor function insufficiency also brings the risk of injury when it performs multi-functional movements during exercise due to the span of multiple joints’ anatomical characteristics. These structural features may be the primary reason why most damage occurs near these sites. The role of these biomechanical characteristics should be appreciated by exercise specialists to effectively prevent hamstring injuries. Future work in this research should be aimed at exploring the most effective prevention programs based on the material structure and motor control to enhance the properties of hamstring muscle materials to minimize the risk of injury.

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“…Ekstrand et al [ 2 ] proposed that the increase of intensity that elite men’s football has experimented with in the last years, with a larger volume of high-intensity actions and a congested competitive calendar, is a potential explanation for the high hamstring injury incidence. Hence, there is still much to understand about the causes of hamstring muscle injury, particularly about the influence of sprinting biomechanics and the effect of running exposure before the injury occurs during a match [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hamstring muscle injury is preceded by a short period of higher running demands in professional football players

Moreno-Perez,

Sotos-Martínez,

Lopez-Valenciano

et al. 2024

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The aim of this study was to examine match running patterns before a hamstring muscle injury occurs during a match in male professional football players. A total of 281 male professional football players belonging to 7 teams from LaLiga were prospectively monitored over three seasons. Among these, 36 players suffered a non-contact hamstring muscle injury during an official match. The injuries were recorded by the medical staff, including the minute when the injury occurred. Running distances at different speed thresholds for 5 min and 15 min before the injury were compared to mean values of the previous 5 matches for the same time points. There were a total of 44 non-contact hamstring muscle injuries, which represents a hamstring muscle injury incidence of 3.34 injuries/1000 h of match exposure. The average time loss for these injuries was 33 ± 28 days (range 7 to 117 days). In the 15 min prior to the injury, players ran a similar distance as in control matches ( p from 0.22 to 0.08). However, players ran a greater distance in the 5-min period before the injury than in control matches at 21.0–23.9 km/h ( p < 0.001) and at ≥ 24 km/h ( p < 0.001). The odds ratio for a hamstring muscle injury was 7.147 for those players who ran > 30.0 m at ≥ 21 km/h in a 5-min period ( p < 0.001). Hamstring muscle injuries during competition were preceded by 5 min of higher running demands at > 21 km/h, compared with control matches. This suggests that a short period of unusual running increases the risk of hamstring muscle injury in professional football players.

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Sprinting Biomechanics and Hamstring Injuries: Is There a Link? A Literature Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Resistance Exercise for Improving Running Economy and Running Biomechanics and Decreasing Running-Related Injury Risk: A Narrative Review

Resistance Exercise for Improving Running Economy and Running Biomechanics and Decreasing Running-Related Injury Risk: A Narrative Review

Hamstrings on Morphological Structure Characteristics, Stress Features, and Risk of Injuries: A Narrative Review

Hamstring muscle injury is preceded by a short period of higher running demands in professional football players

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