Late rejection episodes more than 1 year after pediatric heart transplantation: risk factors and outcomes

Ten year survival after paediatric heart transplantation: a single centre experience☆

“…These findings have also been reported from large multi-centre studies from North America [2,3]. In these studies, risk for late rejection was associated with older age at transplantation and Black race, but in our patients the major risk for this complication was non-adherence.…”

Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Cardiac Transplantation: Emerging Knowledge in Diagnosis and Management

“…[253][254][255][256][257] The recognition of AMR as a cause of graft dysfunction and graft vasculopathy in the pediatric heart transplant population is also increasing as the criteria for the diagnosis of AMR have been refined and surveillance for AMR has been more widely adopted. 78,258,259 In a large series (n=1217) reported by the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study Group, 15% of patients (<18 years of age) presented with severe acute ventricular dysfunction within 5 years of transplantation, and 30% of these had no or only mild evidence of cellular rejection (ISHLT grade 0 or 1R).…”

Has late rejection decreased in pediatric heart transplantation in the current era? A multi-institutional study

“…[1][2][3][4] In spite of these developments, rejection continues to be a frequent event, with 65% of patients experiencing rejection at some point after HTx. 5 Although the incidence of acute rejection is highest within the first year after cardiac transplant, a significant proportion of recipients can experience acute rejection after the first year.…”