Late Preterm Infants Have Worse 24-Month Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Than Term Infants

Woythaler, Melissa; McCormick, Marie C.; Smith, Vincent C.

doi:10.1542/peds.2009-3598

Cited by 236 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, few of the included studies matched control subjects on the basis of SES 19 or adjusted for SES 16 in the relationships between maternal diabetes during pregnancy and offspring's cognitive development. Likewise, other potential confounders, including maternal age, 49,50 alcohol use, 51,52 and smoking during pregnancy, 53 and offspring-related covariates, such as gestational age 54 and birth weight, 27,55 were rarely adjusted for in these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes in Pregnancy and Childhood Cognitive Development: A Systematic Review

2016

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CONTEXT: The effect of diabetes during pregnancy on the cognitive development of offspring is unclear because of inconsistent findings from limited studies.OBJECTIVE: This review was aimed to provide the best available scientific evidence on the associations between maternal pregnancy diabetes and the cognitive development of offspring. DATA SOURCES:A search was conducted in the Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. STUDY SELECTION:Studies addressing the cognitive development of offspring (aged ≤12 years) as outcome and any diabetes in pregnancy as an exposure were included.DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted and evaluated for quality by 2 independent reviewers. RESULTS: Fourteen articles were eligible for the review. Ten studies investigated the associations between maternal pregestational diabetes or both pregestational and gestational diabetes and offspring's cognitive development; 6 studies found at least 1 negative association. Four studies exclusively examined the relationships between gestational diabetes and offspring's cognitive development; 2 studies found a negative association, 1 a positive association, and 1 a null association. The use of diverse cognitive and diabetes assessment tools/criteria, as well as statistical power, contributed to the inconsistent findings. LIMITATIONS:The English-language restriction and publication bias in the included studies are potential limitations. CONCLUSIONS:Although there are few data available regarding the associations between maternal pregnancy diabetes and offspring's cognitive development, this review found that maternal diabetes during pregnancy seems to be negatively associated with offspring's cognitive development. Large prospective studies that address potential confounders are needed to confirm the independent effect of maternal diabetes during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes in Pregnancy and Childhood Cognitive Development: A Systematic Review

2016

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“…Apart from the risk of neonatal morbidities, moderately preterm-born children are also more likely to have developmental delays at preschool age. [7][8][9] Particularly in moderately preterm-born children, it remains unclear whether these neonatal morbidities are associated with the increased risk of developmental delay. 9 In the general population, male gender, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) status at birth, decreasing gestational age, and low maternal education increase the risk of developmental delay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Morbidities and Developmental Delay in Moderately Preterm-Born Children

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Children born moderately preterm (32–356/7 weeks’ gestation) are at increased risk of both neonatal morbidities and developmental delays in early childhood. It is unknown whether neonatal morbidities contribute to the increased risk of developmental delay. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of neonatal morbidities after moderately preterm birth on development at preschool age. METHODS: In a community-based, stratified cohort, parents of 832 moderately preterm children born in 2002 or 2003 completed the Ages and Stage Questionnaire when their child was 43 to 49 months old. Data on Apgar scores, asphyxia, tertiary NICU admission, hospital transfer, circulatory insufficiency, hypoglycemia, septicemia, mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, apneas, caffeine treatment, and hyperbilirubinemia were obtained from medical records. We assessed associations of neonatal characteristics with developmental delay, adjusted for gender, small-for-gestational-age status, gestational age, and maternal education. RESULTS: Hypoglycemia and asphyxia were associated with developmental delay; odds ratios (ORs) were 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–4.77) and 3.18 (95% CI: 1.01–10.0), respectively. Tertiary NICU admission and hyperbilirubinemia had positive but statistically borderline nonsignificant associations with developmental delay: ORs were 1.74 (95% CI: 0.96–3.15) and 1.52 (95% CI: 0.94–2.46), respectively. No other neonatal morbidities were associated with developmental delay. In multivariate analyses, only hypoglycemia was associated with developmental delay (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.08–4.46). CONCLUSIONS: In moderately preterm-born children, only hypoglycemia increased the risk of developmental delay at preschool age. A concerted effort to prevent hypoglycemia might enhance developmental outcome in this group.

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“…Combinations of risk factors interfere with growth and maturation of the immature brain during the early postnatal period (1). Decreased brain volumes and impaired developmental outcome have been observed not only after extremely preterm birth but also in moderately or late preterm infants (2)(3)(4), suggesting a deleterious effect of other factors than only gestational age (GA). Delayed maturation of white matter structures has been suggested to be a result of postnatal events rather than gestational age per se (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Circulatory insulin-like growth factor-I and brain volumes in relation to neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants

et al. 2013

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Late Preterm Infants Have Worse 24-Month Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Than Term Infants

Abstract: Late preterm infants have poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes than term infants and have increased odds to have a mental and/or physical developmental delay.

Cited by 236 publications

References 38 publications

Diabetes in Pregnancy and Childhood Cognitive Development: A Systematic Review

Diabetes in Pregnancy and Childhood Cognitive Development: A Systematic Review

Neonatal Morbidities and Developmental Delay in Moderately Preterm-Born Children

Circulatory insulin-like growth factor-I and brain volumes in relation to neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants

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